Evaluate the receptive vocabulary of Persian-speaking children with cochlear implants based on hearing age and their understanding of various type of vocabulary
,
Abstract
Background and Aim: Early intervention with cochlear implantation for deaf children helps them acquire receptive and expressive language. Word learning is one aspect of language acquisition. The current study aimed to evaluate receptive vocabulary in deaf children who received cochlear implants (CIs).
Methods: A descriptive-analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted with 90 study participants. The participants included thirty children with CIs and sixty normal-hearing children. The hearing ages of the children with CIs ranged from 2 to 57 months, with chronological ages between 32 and 71 months.
The Receptive Picture Vocabulary Test in Persian (RPVT-P) was used to evaluate children’s vocabulary. Parametric t-tests and Pearson correlation were used to analyze and compare the data.
Results: There was a significant relationship between the total score of the RPVT-P and chronological ages of NH children ( r = 0.842, p < 0.0001), and children with CIs (r = 0.824, p < 0.0001). There was a significant relationship between the total score of the RPVT-P and hearing age of children with CIs (r = 0.658, p < 0.0001). There was a significant difference between children with CIs and NH children in the total scores for each item of the RPVT-P (p <0.0001).
Conclusion: Children with cochlear implants gradually develop their understanding of vocabulary, but they do not reach the same level of skills as typically developing children. Children with CIs can acquire various types of vocabularies.
1. Zheng,H. Vocabulary Knowledge and Acquisition. Advances in Humanities Research. 2024; 5:32-36.
2. Fagan MK, Pisoni DB. Hearing experience and receptive vocabulary development in deaf children with cochlear implants. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2010;15(2):149-61. [DOI:10.1093/deafed/enq001]
3. Marchman VA, Fernald A. Speed of word recognition and vocabulary knowledge in infancy predict cognitive and language outcomes in later childhood. Dev Sci. 2008;11(3):F9-16. [DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00671.x]
4. Tomblin JB, Spencer L, Flock S, Tyler R, Gantz B. A comparison of language achievement in children with cochlear implants and children using hearing aids. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1999;42(2):497-509. [DOI:10.1044/jslhr.4202.497]
5. Ruben RJ. Language development in the pediatric cochlear implant patient. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2018;3(3):209-13.[ DOI:10.1002/lio2.156]
6. Baldassari CM, Schmidt C, Schubert CM, Srinivasan P, Dodson KM, Sismanis A. Receptive language outcomes in children after cochlear implantation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;140(1):114-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.otohns.2008.09.008]
7. Lund E. Vocabulary Knowledge of Children With Cochlear Implants: A Meta-Analysis. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2016;21(2):107-21. [DOI:10.1093/deafed/env060]
8. Dunn LM, Dunn DM. Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. 4th ed. Bloomington, MN: NCS Pearson, Inc; 2007.
9. El-Hakim H, Papsin B, Mount RJ, Levasseur J, Panesar J, Stevens D, et al. Vocabulary acquisition rate after pediatric cochlear implantation and the impact of age at implantation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;59(3):187-94.
10. Hayes H, Geers AE, Treiman R, Moog JS. Receptive vocabulary development in deaf children with cochlear implants: achievement in an intensive auditory-oral educational setting. Ear Hear. 2009;30(1):128-35. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181926524]
11. Eisenberg LS, Kirk KI, Martinez AS, Ying EA, Miyamoto RT. Communication abilities of children with aided residual hearing: comparison with cochlear implant users. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(5):563-9. [DOI:10.1001/archotol.130.5.563]
12. Sarchet T, Marschark M, Borgna G, Convertino C, Sapere P, Dirmyer R. Vocabulary Knowledge of Deaf and Hearing Postsecondary Students. J Postsecond Educ Disabil. 2014;27(2):161-78.
13. Convertino C, Borgna G, Marschark M, Durkin A. Word and world knowledge among deaf learners with and without cochlear implants. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2014;19(4):471-83. [DOI:10.1093/deafed/enu024]
14. Heydarpanahi S, Ghorbani A, Jalilehvand N, Kamali M. [Revising the First Version of the Receptive Picture Vocabulary Test and Designing the First Version of Expressive Picture Vocabulary Test Based on It for Normal Persian-Speaking Children Aged 30 to 71 Months]. Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies. 2023;13:131. Persian.
15. Vameghi R, Sajedi F, Kraskian Mojembari A, Habiollahi A, Lornezhad HR, Delavar B. Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validation and Standardization of Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) in Iranian Children. Iran J Public Health. 2013;42(5):522-8.
16. Hassanpour N, Jalilevand N, Masumi E, Ghorbani A, Kamali M. [Development of a Picture Receptive Vocabulary Test and Evaluation of Its Validity & Reliability for Normal 36-71 Months Persian Children]. JPSR. 2015;4(3)34-43. Persian. [DOI:10.22038/JPSR.2015.4613]
17. Jalilevand N, Mohamadi R, Ghorbani A, Kamali M, Hassanpour N, Heydarpanahi S, et al. Psychometric Evaluation of the Receptive Picture Vocabulary Test for Persian-speaking Children. Function and Disability Journal. 2022;5:E73. [DOI:10.32598/fdj.5.73]
18. Graven SN, Browne JV. Auditory Development in the Fetus and Infant. Newborn Infant Nurs Rev. 2008;8(4):187-93. [DOI:10.1053/j.nainr.2008.10.010]
19. Reilly S, Eadie P, Bavin EL, Wake M, Prior M, Williams J, et al. Growth of infant communication between 8 and 12 months: a population study. J Paediatr Child Health. 2006;42(12):764-70. [DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00974.x]
20. Bergelson E, Swingley D. At 6-9 months, human infants know the meanings of many common nouns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(9):3253-8. [DOI:10.1073/pnas.1113380109]
21. Busch T, Brinchmann EI, Braeken J, Wie OB. Receptive Vocabulary of Children With Bilateral Cochlear Implants From 3 to 16 Years of Age. Ear Hear. 2022;43(6):1866-80. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0000000000001220]
22. Culbertson SR, Dillon MT, Richter ME, Brown KD, Anderson MR, Hancock SL, et al. Younger Age at Cochlear Implant Activation Results in Improved Auditory Skill Development for Children With Congenital Deafness. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2022;65(9):3539-47
23. Wenrich KA, Davidson LS, Uchanski RM. The Effect of Cochlear Implant Interval on Spoken Language Skills of Pediatric Bilateral Cochlear Implant Users. Otol Neurotol. 2019;40(6):e600-5. [DOI:10.1097/MAO.0000000000002245]
24. Connor CM, Craig HK, Raudenbush SW, Heavner K, Zwolan TA. The age at which young deaf children receive cochlear implants and their vocabulary and speech-production growth: is there an added value for early implantation? Ear Hear. 2006;27(6):628-44. [DOI:10.1097/01.aud.0000240640.59205.42]
25. Ingvalson EM, Wong PC. Training to improve language outcomes in cochlear implant recipients. Front Psychol. 2013;4:263. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00263]
26. Alshahrani NA, AlSufyani, NH, Aldawish RA, Alrashdi AK, Moafa RH, Alqahtani MAN, et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Comparing the Effect of Unilateral versus Bilateral Cochlear Implant in Hearing Impairment. J Adv Med Med Res. 2024;1(2):363-8. [DOI:10.4103/ATMR.ATMR_156_24]
27. Hart B, Risley TR. Meaningful differences in the everyday experiences of young American children. Baltimore: Paul H. Brooks Publishing Company; 1995.
2. Fagan MK, Pisoni DB. Hearing experience and receptive vocabulary development in deaf children with cochlear implants. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2010;15(2):149-61. [DOI:10.1093/deafed/enq001]
3. Marchman VA, Fernald A. Speed of word recognition and vocabulary knowledge in infancy predict cognitive and language outcomes in later childhood. Dev Sci. 2008;11(3):F9-16. [DOI:10.1111/j.1467-7687.2008.00671.x]
4. Tomblin JB, Spencer L, Flock S, Tyler R, Gantz B. A comparison of language achievement in children with cochlear implants and children using hearing aids. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1999;42(2):497-509. [DOI:10.1044/jslhr.4202.497]
5. Ruben RJ. Language development in the pediatric cochlear implant patient. Laryngoscope Investig Otolaryngol. 2018;3(3):209-13.[ DOI:10.1002/lio2.156]
6. Baldassari CM, Schmidt C, Schubert CM, Srinivasan P, Dodson KM, Sismanis A. Receptive language outcomes in children after cochlear implantation. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009;140(1):114-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.otohns.2008.09.008]
7. Lund E. Vocabulary Knowledge of Children With Cochlear Implants: A Meta-Analysis. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2016;21(2):107-21. [DOI:10.1093/deafed/env060]
8. Dunn LM, Dunn DM. Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. 4th ed. Bloomington, MN: NCS Pearson, Inc; 2007.
9. El-Hakim H, Papsin B, Mount RJ, Levasseur J, Panesar J, Stevens D, et al. Vocabulary acquisition rate after pediatric cochlear implantation and the impact of age at implantation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2001;59(3):187-94.
10. Hayes H, Geers AE, Treiman R, Moog JS. Receptive vocabulary development in deaf children with cochlear implants: achievement in an intensive auditory-oral educational setting. Ear Hear. 2009;30(1):128-35. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181926524]
11. Eisenberg LS, Kirk KI, Martinez AS, Ying EA, Miyamoto RT. Communication abilities of children with aided residual hearing: comparison with cochlear implant users. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(5):563-9. [DOI:10.1001/archotol.130.5.563]
12. Sarchet T, Marschark M, Borgna G, Convertino C, Sapere P, Dirmyer R. Vocabulary Knowledge of Deaf and Hearing Postsecondary Students. J Postsecond Educ Disabil. 2014;27(2):161-78.
13. Convertino C, Borgna G, Marschark M, Durkin A. Word and world knowledge among deaf learners with and without cochlear implants. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2014;19(4):471-83. [DOI:10.1093/deafed/enu024]
14. Heydarpanahi S, Ghorbani A, Jalilehvand N, Kamali M. [Revising the First Version of the Receptive Picture Vocabulary Test and Designing the First Version of Expressive Picture Vocabulary Test Based on It for Normal Persian-Speaking Children Aged 30 to 71 Months]. Middle Eastern Journal of Disability Studies. 2023;13:131. Persian.
15. Vameghi R, Sajedi F, Kraskian Mojembari A, Habiollahi A, Lornezhad HR, Delavar B. Cross-Cultural Adaptation, Validation and Standardization of Ages and Stages Questionnaire (ASQ) in Iranian Children. Iran J Public Health. 2013;42(5):522-8.
16. Hassanpour N, Jalilevand N, Masumi E, Ghorbani A, Kamali M. [Development of a Picture Receptive Vocabulary Test and Evaluation of Its Validity & Reliability for Normal 36-71 Months Persian Children]. JPSR. 2015;4(3)34-43. Persian. [DOI:10.22038/JPSR.2015.4613]
17. Jalilevand N, Mohamadi R, Ghorbani A, Kamali M, Hassanpour N, Heydarpanahi S, et al. Psychometric Evaluation of the Receptive Picture Vocabulary Test for Persian-speaking Children. Function and Disability Journal. 2022;5:E73. [DOI:10.32598/fdj.5.73]
18. Graven SN, Browne JV. Auditory Development in the Fetus and Infant. Newborn Infant Nurs Rev. 2008;8(4):187-93. [DOI:10.1053/j.nainr.2008.10.010]
19. Reilly S, Eadie P, Bavin EL, Wake M, Prior M, Williams J, et al. Growth of infant communication between 8 and 12 months: a population study. J Paediatr Child Health. 2006;42(12):764-70. [DOI:10.1111/j.1440-1754.2006.00974.x]
20. Bergelson E, Swingley D. At 6-9 months, human infants know the meanings of many common nouns. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012;109(9):3253-8. [DOI:10.1073/pnas.1113380109]
21. Busch T, Brinchmann EI, Braeken J, Wie OB. Receptive Vocabulary of Children With Bilateral Cochlear Implants From 3 to 16 Years of Age. Ear Hear. 2022;43(6):1866-80. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0000000000001220]
22. Culbertson SR, Dillon MT, Richter ME, Brown KD, Anderson MR, Hancock SL, et al. Younger Age at Cochlear Implant Activation Results in Improved Auditory Skill Development for Children With Congenital Deafness. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2022;65(9):3539-47
23. Wenrich KA, Davidson LS, Uchanski RM. The Effect of Cochlear Implant Interval on Spoken Language Skills of Pediatric Bilateral Cochlear Implant Users. Otol Neurotol. 2019;40(6):e600-5. [DOI:10.1097/MAO.0000000000002245]
24. Connor CM, Craig HK, Raudenbush SW, Heavner K, Zwolan TA. The age at which young deaf children receive cochlear implants and their vocabulary and speech-production growth: is there an added value for early implantation? Ear Hear. 2006;27(6):628-44. [DOI:10.1097/01.aud.0000240640.59205.42]
25. Ingvalson EM, Wong PC. Training to improve language outcomes in cochlear implant recipients. Front Psychol. 2013;4:263. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00263]
26. Alshahrani NA, AlSufyani, NH, Aldawish RA, Alrashdi AK, Moafa RH, Alqahtani MAN, et al. A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Comparing the Effect of Unilateral versus Bilateral Cochlear Implant in Hearing Impairment. J Adv Med Med Res. 2024;1(2):363-8. [DOI:10.4103/ATMR.ATMR_156_24]
27. Hart B, Risley TR. Meaningful differences in the everyday experiences of young American children. Baltimore: Paul H. Brooks Publishing Company; 1995.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Articles in Press | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Cochlear implants deaf hearing impairment receptive language vocabulary | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Zare S, Ghorbani A, Jalilevand N, Kamali M. Evaluate the receptive vocabulary of Persian-speaking children with cochlear implants based on hearing age and their understanding of various type of vocabulary. Aud Vestib Res. 2026;.
