Research Article

Development of Persian Monosyllabic and Disyllabic Words for Auditory Test of Adults and Evaluation of Their Face Validity Using Psychometric Function

Abstract

Background and Aim: The utilization of speech materials in audiological assessments has faced challenges due to a lack of standardization and insufficient consideration of acoustic factors. This study aimed to develop a set of psychometrically validated monosyllabic and disyllabic words in Persian for use in auditory tests.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved collecting the most frequently used one- and two-syllable words from Persian dictionaries. A panel of experts evaluated the selected words using a 4-point Likert scale. Based on their recommendations, 382 monosyllabic words and 150 disyllabic words met the established criteria. Male and female talkers recorded these words, which were then presented in a random order to 30 young adults with normal hearing (aged 18–30 years). The presentation intensity levels ranged from 0 to 48 dB HL with 8 dB increments. Logistic regression was used to determine the psychometric properties of the words.
Results: As the intensity level increased, the percentage of word recognition scores also increased, reaching 100% at an intensity level of 48 dB HL. For Persian monosyllabic words, the mean psychometric slope was 0.29 %/dB for male talkers and 0.25 %/dB for female talkers. The corresponding slopes for Persian disyllabic words were 0.23 %/dB and 0.21 %/dB, respectively.
Conclusion: This study successfully developed 382 monosyllabic words and 150 disyllabic words in Persian with comparable psychometric properties. These words can be utilized in auditory tests for Iranian adults.

1. Aarabi S, Jarollahi F, Badfar S, Hoseinabadi R, Ahadi M. Speech perception in noise mechanisms. Aud Vestib Res. 2016;25(4):221-6.
2. Heidari A, Moossavi A, Yadegari F, Bakhshi E, Ahadi M. Effect of Vowel Auditory Training on the Speech-In-Noise Perception among Older Adults with Normal Hearing. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;32(111):229-36. [DOI:10.22038/ijorl.2019.33433.2110]
3. Swanberg MM, Nasreddine ZS, Mendez MF, Cummings JL. Speech and Language. In: Goetz CG, editor. Textbook of Clinical Neurology. 3rd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Saunders Elsevier; 2007. p. 79-98.
4. Cole W, Chasing M. Troubleshooting and Testing Hearing Aids. In: Katz J, Chasin M, English K, Hood LJ, Tillery KL, editors. Handbook of clinical audiology. 7th ed. Baltimore: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2015. p. 727-58.
5. American Speech-Language-Hearing Association. Determining threshold level for speech [Guidelines]. 1988. Available from https://www.asha.org/policy/gl1988-00008/
6. Robbins GT, Yih E, Chou R, Gundersen AI, Schnieder JC, Bean JF, et al. Geriatric rehabilitation. Handb Clin Neurol. 2019;167:531-43. [DOI:10.1016/B978-0-12-804766-8.00029-7]
7. Steiger JR. Bone condution evaluation. In: Katz J, Chasin M, English K, Hood LJ, Tillery KL, editors. Handbook of clinical audiology. 7th ed. Baltimore: Wolters Kluwer Health; 2015. p. 49-60.
8. Kumar SBR, Mohanty P. Speech Recognition Performance of Adults: A Proposal for a Battery for Telugu. Theory Pract Lang Stud. 2012;2(2):193-204.
9. Mosleh M. [Development and Evaluation of a Speech Recognition Test for Persian Speaking Adults]. Audiol. 2001;9(1-2): 72-6. Persian.
10. Jarolahi F, Delphi M, Tahaie SA, Modarresi Y, Kamali M, Jafari M. [Selection of preeminent list in word recognition207
score test for adult with normal hearing]. J Res Rehabil Sci. 2012;8(2):212-8. Persian. [DOI:10.22122/JRRS.V8I2.343]
11. Ghanbari N, Lotfi Y, Nazeri AR, Moussavi A, Mehrkian S, Bakhshi E, et al. [Developing and Evaluating Validity and Reliability of Persian Version of “Dichotic Fused Rhymed Word Test”]. Journal of Rehabilitation. 2015;16(3):234-41. Persian.
12. Mahdavi ME, Rabiei A. Psychometric function characteristics of Persian consonant-vowel-consonant words. Aud Vestib Res. 2021;30(1):50-5. [DOI:10.18502/avr.v30i1.5311]
13. Nissen SL, Harris RW, Jennings LJ, Eggett DL, Buck H. Psychometrically equivalent mandarin bisyllabic speech discrimination materials spoken by male and female talkers. International Journal of Audiology. 2005;44(7):379-90. [DOI:10.1080/14992020500147615]
14. MacPherson A, Akeroyd MA. Variations in the Slope of the Psychometric Functions for Speech Intelligibility: A Systematic Survey. Trends Hear. 2014. [DOI:10.1177/2331216514537]
15. Moin M. [An Intermediate Persian Dictionary]. Tehran: Amir Kabir Publishing Corporation; 1992. Persian.
16. Amid H. [Amid Dictionary]. Tehran: Amir Kabir Publishing Corporation; 1996. Persian.
17. Tsai KS, Tseng LH, Wu CJ, Young ST. Development of a mandarin monosyllable recognition test. Ear Hear. 2009;30(1):90-9. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0b013e31818f28a6]
18. Richard W, Kim E, Dennis L. Psychometrically Equivalent Korean Bisyllabic Words Spoken by Male and Female Talker. Commun Sci Disord. 2003;8(1):244-70.
19. Heckendorf AL, Wiley TL, Wilson RH. Performance norms for the VA compact disc versions of CID W-22 (Hirsh) and PB-50 (Rush Hughes) word lists. J Am Acad Audiol. 1997;8(3):163-72.
20. Lawson GD, Peterson ME. Speech Audiometry. San Diego: Plural Publishing; 2011.
21. Martin FN, Champlin CA, Perez DD. The question of phonetic balance in word recognition testing. J Am Acad Audiol. 2000;11(9):489-93; quiz 522. [DOI:10.1055/s-0042-1748141]
22. Richard W, Kim E, Dennis L. Psychometrically equivalent Korean monosyllabic speech discrimination materials spoken by male and female talkers. Commun Sci Disord. 2003;8(1):217-43.
23. Hirsh IJ, Davis H, Silverman SR, Reynolds EG, Eldert E, Benson RW. Development of materials for speech audiometry. J Speech Hear Disord. 1952;17(3):321-37. [DOI:10.1044/jshd.1703.321]
24. Wilson RH, Carter AS. Relation between slopes of word recognition psychometric functions and homogeneity of the stimulus materials. J Am Acad Audiol. 2001;12(1):7-14. [DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1741115]
Files
IssueVol 33 No 3 (2024) QRcode
SectionResearch Article(s)
DOI https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v33i3.15501
Keywords
Monosyllabic words disyllabic words psychometric function logistic regression Persian speech materials
Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
1.
Hassani H, Ahadi M, Jarollahi F, Jalaie S. Development of Persian Monosyllabic and Disyllabic Words for Auditory Test of Adults and Evaluation of Their Face Validity Using Psychometric Function. Aud Vestib Res. 2024;33(3):202-207.