Effect of Ischemia-Induced Cochlear Inflammation on Auditory Responses in Male Rats
Abstract
Background and Aim: Ischemic injury is a major cause of hearing loss and oxidative stress is an important part of ischemic injury. The goal of this study was to evaluate the cochlear oxidative stress effect on auditory responses in male rats.
Methods: Cochlear oxidative stress was induced by bilateral carotid artery occlusion for 20 minutes. The rats were evaluated by biochemical inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α] and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the day before and 1st, 4th, and 7th days following surgery. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) and electrocochleography (ECochG) were evaluated on the day before surgery and 14th, 21th and 28th days after surgery.
Results: TNF-α and CRP levels concentrations increased one day after ischemia and subsequently decreased on the 7th day. The click and tone burst evoked ABR showed increased thresholds on day14th, 21th, and 28th. The highest threshold was recorded on day14th. The ECochG results also were abnormal for 55%, 70%, and 45% of cases on day 14th, 21th, and 28th, respectively.
Conclusion: Cochlear oxidative stress affects hearing sensitivity. The ABR shows elevated thresholds and abnormal ECochG was found in many cases.
[2] Tabuchi K, Nishimura B, Tanaka S, Hayashi K, Hirose Y, Hara A. Ischemia-reperfusion injury of the cochlea: pharmacological strategies for cochlear protection and implications of glutamate and reactive oxygen species. Curr Neuropharmacol. 2010;8(2):128-34. [DOI:10.2174/157015910791233123]
[3] Fujioka M, Okano H, Ogawa K. Inflammatory and immune responses in the cochlea: potential therapeutic targets for sensorineural hearing loss. Front Pharmacol. 2014;5:287. [DOI:10.3389/fphar.2014.00287]
[4] Keithley EM, Wang X, Barkdull GC. Tumor necrosis factor alpha can induce recruitment of inflammatory cells to the cochlea. Otol Neurotol. 2008;29(6):854-9. [DOI:10.1097/MAO.0b013e31818256a9]
[5] Marinović T, Bašić S, Romić D, Nevajda B, Đerek L, Maraković J, et al. Dynamics of inflammatory factors expression in ischemic brain tissue injury. Neurol Int. 2019;11(4):8282. [DOI:10.4081/ni.2019.8282]
[6] Land R, Burghard A, Kral A. The contribution of inferior colliculus activity to the auditory brainstem response (ABR) in mice. Hear Res. 2016;341:109-18. [DOI:10.1016/j.heares.2016.08.008]
[7] de Lima JP, Velasco IT, Barbeiro DF, Schochat E. Auditory brainstem response in gerbils submitted to ischemia and sepsis. Codas. 2015;27(2):155-9. [DOI:10.1590/2317-1782/20152014113]
[8] Church MW, Hotra JW, Holmes PA, Anumba JI, Jackson DA, Adams BR. Auditory brainstem response (ABR) abnormalities across the life span of rats prenatally exposed to alcohol. Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 2012;36(1):83-96. [DOI:10.1111/j.1530-0277.2011.01594.x]
[9] Church MW, Jen K-LC, Anumba JI, Jackson DA, Adams BR, Hotra JW. Excess omega-3 fatty acid consumption by mothers during pregnancy and lactation caused shorter life span and abnormal ABRs in old adult offspring. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 2010;32(2):171-81. [DOI:10.1016/j.ntt.2009.09.006]
[10] Jafarzadeh S, Pourbakht A. Morphology variations of clickevoked auditory brainstem response with low and high rate stimuli in rat. Aud Vestib Res. 2019;28(1):22-7. [DOI:10.18502/avr.v28i1.412]
[11] Alvarado JC, Fuentes-Santamaría V, Jareño-Flores T, Blanco JL, Juiz JM. Normal variations in the morphology of auditory brainstem response (ABR) waveforms: a study in Wistar rats. Neurosci Res. 2012;73(4):302-11. [DOI:10.1016/j.neures.2012.05.001]
[12] Franz B, Anderson C. Effect of static middle-ear and intracranial pressure changes on differential electrocochleographic response. Int Tinnitus J. 2008;14(2):101-7.
[13] Gorgij E, Fanaei H, Yaghmaei P, Shahraki MR, Mirahmadi H. Treadmill exercise during pregnancy decreased vulnerability to neonatal hypoxia-ischemia through reducing inflammation and increasing antiapoptotic gene expressions and antioxidant capacity in rats. Stroke Res Treat. 2021;2021:5512745. [DOI:10.1155/2021/5512745]
[14] Satoh H, Firestein GS, Billings PB, Harris JP, Keithley EM. Proinflammatory cytokine expression in the endolymphatic sac during inner ear inflammation. J Assoc Res Otolaryngol. 2003;4(2):139-47. [DOI:10.1007/s10162-002-3025-7]
[15] Wang X, Truong T, Billings PB, Harris JP, Keithley EM. Blockage of immune-mediated inner ear damage by etanercept. Otol Neurotol. 2003;24(1):52-7. [DOI:10.1097/00129492-200301000-00012]
[16] Ihler F, Pelz S, Coors M, Matthias C, Canis M. Application of a TNF-alpha-inhibitor into the scala tympany after cochlear electrode insertion trauma in guinea pigs: preliminary audiologic results. Int J Audiol. 2014;53(11):810-6. [DOI:10.3109/14992027.2014.938369]
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 31 No 1 (2022) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v31i1.8135 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Oxidative stress auditory brainstem response electrocochleography rat | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
