Applications of extended high-frequency audiometry: a narrative review
Abstract
Background and Aim: Hearing loss assessment is typically done using the conventional pure tone audiometry (125 Hz to 8000 Hz). Extended high-frequency audiometry (EHFA), which covers the frequency range of 9000 Hz to 20000 Hz, is a very useful tool for detecting early hearing loss before engaging middle and low frequencies. The involvement of these frequencies significantly affects hearing sensitivity. The purpose of the present study was to review the literature on the early diagnosis of hearing impairment using EHFA.
Recent Findings: EHFA has been suggested as a low utilization tool in clinical evaluation. However, in recent years, a great deal of information has been provided in this area. This evaluation has proven to be useful in a variety of areas, including ototoxicity, noise-exposed individuals, and users of personal music devices, hidden hearing loss (HHL), middle ear infections, rheumatoid arthritis, and Sjogren’s syndrome.
Conclusion: Given the importance and application of this clinical tool in the early detection of hearing loss and its use in conjunction with other evaluations, better care planning and prevention can be offered to patients in some areas.
1. Rodríguez Valiente A, Trinidad A, García Berrocal JR, Górriz C, Ramírez Camacho R. Extended high-frequency (9–20 kHz) audiometry reference thresholds in 645 healthy subjects. Int J Audiol. 2014;53(8):531-45. doi: 10.3109/14992027.2014.893375
2. Rodríguez Valiente A, Fidalgo AR, Villarreal IM, García Berrocal JR. Extended high-frequency audiometry (9000–20 000 Hz). usefulness in audiological diagnosis. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2016;67(1):40-4. doi: 10.1016/j.otorri.2015.02.002
3. Rodríguez Valiente A, García Berrocal JR, Roldán Fidalgo A, Trinidad A, Ramírez Camacho R. Earphones in extended high-frequency audiometry and ISO 389-5. Int J Audiol. 2014;53(9):595-603. doi: 10.3109/14992027.2014.903339
4. Hunter LL, Monson BB, Moore DR, Dhar S, Wright BA, Munro KJ, et al. Extended high frequency hearing and speech perception implications in adults and children. Hear Res. 2020;397:107922. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107922
5. de Castro Silva IM, Guimarães Feitosa MA. High-frequency audiometry in young and older adults when conventional audiometry is normal. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;72(5):665-72. doi: 10.1016/s1808-8694(15)31024-7
6. Balatsouras DG, Homsioglou E, Danielidis V. Extended high‐frequency audiometry in patients with acoustic trauma. Clin Otolaryngol. 2005;30(3):249-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2273.2005.00984.x
7. Barbee CM, James JA, Park JH, Smith EM, Johnson CE, Clifton S, et al. Effectiveness of auditory measures for detecting hidden hearing loss and/or cochlear synaptopathy: a systematic review. Semin Hear. 2018;39(2):172-209. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1641743
8. Galarza-Delgado DA, Villegas Gonzalez MJ, Torres JR, Soto-Galindo GA, Mendoza Flores L, Treviño González JL. Early hearing loss detection in rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjögren syndrome using extended high frequency audiometry. Clin Rheumatol. 2018;37(2):367-373. doi: 10.1007/s10067-017-3959-0
9. Knight KR, Kraemer DF, Winter C, Neuwelt EA. Early changes in auditory function as a result of platinum chemotherapy: use of extended high-frequency audiometry and evoked distortion product otoacoustic emissions. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(10):1190-5. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2006.07.9723
10. Peng J-H, Tao Z-Z, Huang Z-W. Risk of damage to hearing from personal listening devices in young adults. J Otolaryngol. 2007;36(3):181-5. doi: 10.2310/7070.2007.0032
11. Schmuziger N, Brechbuehl M, Probst R. Acoustic measures of low-frequency noise in extended high-frequency audiometry. J Acoust Soc Am. 2007;121(3):EL120-4. doi: 10.1121/1.2437848
12. Sharma D, Munjal SK, Panda NK. Head, Surgery N. Extended high frequency audiometry in secretory otitis media. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012;64(2):145-9. doi: 10.1007/s12070-012-0478-9
13. Kumar P, Upadhyay P, Kumar A, Kumar S, Singh GB. Extended high frequency audiometry in users of personal listening devices. Am J Otolaryngol. 2017;38(2):163-167. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2016.12.002
14. Mehrparvar AH, Mirmohammadi SJ, Davari MH, Mostaghaci M, Mollasadeghi A, Bahaloo M, et al. Conventional audiometry, extended high-frequency audiometry, and DPOAE for early diagnosis of NIHL. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014;16(1):e9628. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.9628
15. Mehrparvar AH, Mirmohammadi SJ, Ghoreyshi A, Mollasadeghi A, Loukzadeh Z. High-frequency audio¬metry: a means for early diagnosis of noise-induced hearing loss. Noise Health. 2011;13(55):402-6. doi: 10.4103/1463-1741.90295
16. da Rocha RL, Atherino CC, Frota SM. High-frequency audiometry in normal hearing military firemen exposed to noise. Brazi J Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;76(6):687-94. doi: 10.1590/S1808-86942010000600003
17. Sataloff J, Vassallo L, Menduke H. Occupational hearing loss and high frequency thresholds. Arch Environ Health. 1967;14(6):832-6. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1967.10664849
18. Fillipo R, de Seta E. Ultra and isometric study of "normal" noise-exposed listeners. In: Proceeding of Fourth International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem, Turine, June. 1, 353-6.
19. Wang Y, Yang B, Li Y, Hou L, Hu Y, Han Y. [Application of extended high frequency audiometry in the early diagnosis of noise--induced hearing loss]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi. 2000;35(1):26-8. Chinese.
20. Somma G, Pietroiusti A, Magrini A, Coppeta L, Ancona C, Gardi S, et al. Extended high‐frequency audiometry and noise induced hearing loss in cement workers. Am J Ind Med. 2008;51(6):452-62. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20580
21. Rogha M, Amiri Davan M, Abtahi SHR, Sonbolestan SM, Abtahi SM. [Early detection of noise induced hearing loss by extended high frequency audiometry]. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2007;25(85):16-22. Persian.
22. Helleman HW, Eising H, Limpens J, Dreschler WA. Otoacoustic emissions versus audiometry in monitoring hearing loss after long-term noise exposure–a systematic review. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2018;44(6):585-600. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3725
23. Purnami N, Manyakori S. Reactive oxygen species levels are high risk worker of noise induced hearing loss in hospitals. J Phys Conference Series. 2018;1075(1):012064. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1075/1/012064
24. Sulaiman AH, Husain R, Seluakumaran K. Evaluation of early hearing damage in personal listening device users using extended high-frequency audiometry and otoacoustic emissions. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;271(6):1463-70. doi: 10.1007/s00405-013-2612-z
25. Sulaiman AH, Seluakumaran K, Husain R. Hearing risk associated with the usage of personal listening devices among urban high school students in Malaysia. Public Health. 2013;127(8):710-5. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.01.007
26. Minovi A, Dazert S. Diseases of the middle ear in childhood. GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;13:11. doi: 10.3205/cto000114
27. da Costa SS, Rosito LP, Dornelles C. Sensorineural hearing loss in patients with chronic otitis media. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;266(2):221-4. doi: 10.1007/s00405-008-0739-0
28. Amali A, Hosseinzadeh N, Samadi S, Nasiri S, Zebardast J. Sensorineural hearing loss in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media: Is there a significant correlation? Electron Physician. 2017;9(2):3823-27. doi: 10.19082/3823
29. Li G, Li T, Liu H, Sun L. Correlation between recovery time of extended high-frequency audiometry and duration of inflammation in patients with acute otitis media. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;277(9):2447-53. doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-05973-1
30. McDermott JC, Fausti SA, Frey RH. Effects of middle-ear disease and cleft palate on high-frequency hearing in children. Audiology. 1986;25(3):136-48. doi: 10.3109/00206098609078380
31. Dieroff HG, Schuhmann G. High frequency hearing following otitis media with effusion in childhood. Scand Audiol Suppl. 1986;26:83-4.
32. Ganesan P, Schmiedge J, Manchaiah V, Swapna S, Dhandayutham S, Kothandaraman PP, et al. Ototoxicity: A challenge in diagnosis and treatment. J Audiol Otol. 2018;22(2):59-68. doi: 10.7874/jao.2017.00360
33. Mousavi A, Rouhbakhsh N, Babaei GR. Reliabilty of high frequency audiometry threshold in children. Audiol. 2006;14(2):13-8.
34. Campbell KCM, Le Prell CG. Drug-induced ototoxicity: diagnosis and monitoring. Drug Saf. 2018;41(5):451-64. doi: 10.1007/s40264-017-0629-8
35. Al-Malky G, Dawson SJ, Sirimanna T, Bagkeris E, Suri R. High-frequency audiometry reveals high prevalence of aminoglycoside ototoxicity in children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2015;14(2):248-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2014.07.009
36. Al-Malky G, Suri R, Dawson SJ, Sirimanna T, Kemp D. Aminoglycoside antibiotics cochleotoxicity in paediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients: a study using extended high-frequency audiometry and distortion product oto-acoustic emissions. Int J Audiol. 2011;50(2):112-22. doi: 10.3109/14992027.2010.524253
37. Frank T, hearing. High-frequency (8 to 16 kHz) reference thresholds and intrasubject threshold variability relative to ototoxicity criteria using a Sennheiser HDA 200 earphone. Ear Hear. 2001;22(2):161-8. doi: 10.1097/00003446-200104000-00009
38. Sakamoto M, Kaga K, Kamio T. Surgery N. Extended high-frequency ototoxicity induced by the first administration of cisplatin. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;122(6):828-33. doi: 10.1016/s0194-5998(00)70009-x
39. Brooks B, Knight K. Ototoxicity monitoring in children treated with platinum chemotherapy. Int J Audiol. 2018;57(sup4):S34-40. doi: 10.1080/14992027.2017.1355570
40. Haugnes HS, Stenklev NC, Brydøy M, Dahl O, Wilsgaard T, Laukli E, et al. Hearing loss before and after cisplatin-based chemotherapy in testicular cancer survivors: a longitudinal study. Acta Oncol. 2018;57(8):1075-1083. doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2018.1433323
41. Beahan N, Kei J, Driscoll C, Charles B, Khan A. High-frequency pure-tone audiometry in children: A test–retest reliability study relative to ototoxic criteria. Ear Hear. 2012;33(1):104-11. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0b013e318228a77d
42. Abujamra AL, Escosteguy JR, Dall'Igna C, Manica D, Cigana LF, Coradini P, et al. The use of high‐frequency audiometry increases the diagnosis of asymptomatic hearing loss in pediatric patients treated with cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013;60(3):474-8. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24236
43. Yeend I, Francis Beach E, Sharma M, Dillon H. The effects of noise exposure and musical training on suprathreshold auditory processing and speech perception in noise. Hear Res. 2017;353:224-236. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.07.006
44. Taylor L. Utilization of a clinical testing battery to help identify suspected hidden hearing loss (HHL) in humans. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Towson, MD: Towson University; 2019.
45. Smith SB, Krizman J, Liu C, White-Schwoch T, Nicol T, Kraus N. Investigating peripheral sources of speech-in-noise variability in listeners with normal audiograms. Hear Res. 2019;371:66-74. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.11.008
46. Bharadwaj HM, Mai AR, Simpson JM, Choi I, Heinz MG, Shinn-Cunningham BG. Non-invasive assays of cochlear synaptopathy--candidates and considerations. Neuroscience. 2019;407:53-66. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.02.031
47. Tepe V, Smalt C, Nelson J, Quatieri T, Pitts K. Hidden hearing injury: The emerging science and military relevance of cochlear synaptopathy. Mil Med. 2017;182(9):e1785-e1795. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-17-00025
48. Le Prell CG. Hidden versus not-so-hidden hearing loss. Canadian Audiologist. 2018;5(2):1-12.
49. Ahmadzadeh A, Daraei M, Jalessi M, Peyvandi AA, Amini E, Ranjbar LA, et al. Hearing status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Laryngol Otol. 2017;131(10):895-99. doi: 10.1017/S0022215117001670
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2. Rodríguez Valiente A, Fidalgo AR, Villarreal IM, García Berrocal JR. Extended high-frequency audiometry (9000–20 000 Hz). usefulness in audiological diagnosis. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2016;67(1):40-4. doi: 10.1016/j.otorri.2015.02.002
3. Rodríguez Valiente A, García Berrocal JR, Roldán Fidalgo A, Trinidad A, Ramírez Camacho R. Earphones in extended high-frequency audiometry and ISO 389-5. Int J Audiol. 2014;53(9):595-603. doi: 10.3109/14992027.2014.903339
4. Hunter LL, Monson BB, Moore DR, Dhar S, Wright BA, Munro KJ, et al. Extended high frequency hearing and speech perception implications in adults and children. Hear Res. 2020;397:107922. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2020.107922
5. de Castro Silva IM, Guimarães Feitosa MA. High-frequency audiometry in young and older adults when conventional audiometry is normal. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2006;72(5):665-72. doi: 10.1016/s1808-8694(15)31024-7
6. Balatsouras DG, Homsioglou E, Danielidis V. Extended high‐frequency audiometry in patients with acoustic trauma. Clin Otolaryngol. 2005;30(3):249-54. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2273.2005.00984.x
7. Barbee CM, James JA, Park JH, Smith EM, Johnson CE, Clifton S, et al. Effectiveness of auditory measures for detecting hidden hearing loss and/or cochlear synaptopathy: a systematic review. Semin Hear. 2018;39(2):172-209. doi: 10.1055/s-0038-1641743
8. Galarza-Delgado DA, Villegas Gonzalez MJ, Torres JR, Soto-Galindo GA, Mendoza Flores L, Treviño González JL. Early hearing loss detection in rheumatoid arthritis and primary Sjögren syndrome using extended high frequency audiometry. Clin Rheumatol. 2018;37(2):367-373. doi: 10.1007/s10067-017-3959-0
9. Knight KR, Kraemer DF, Winter C, Neuwelt EA. Early changes in auditory function as a result of platinum chemotherapy: use of extended high-frequency audiometry and evoked distortion product otoacoustic emissions. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(10):1190-5. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2006.07.9723
10. Peng J-H, Tao Z-Z, Huang Z-W. Risk of damage to hearing from personal listening devices in young adults. J Otolaryngol. 2007;36(3):181-5. doi: 10.2310/7070.2007.0032
11. Schmuziger N, Brechbuehl M, Probst R. Acoustic measures of low-frequency noise in extended high-frequency audiometry. J Acoust Soc Am. 2007;121(3):EL120-4. doi: 10.1121/1.2437848
12. Sharma D, Munjal SK, Panda NK. Head, Surgery N. Extended high frequency audiometry in secretory otitis media. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2012;64(2):145-9. doi: 10.1007/s12070-012-0478-9
13. Kumar P, Upadhyay P, Kumar A, Kumar S, Singh GB. Extended high frequency audiometry in users of personal listening devices. Am J Otolaryngol. 2017;38(2):163-167. doi: 10.1016/j.amjoto.2016.12.002
14. Mehrparvar AH, Mirmohammadi SJ, Davari MH, Mostaghaci M, Mollasadeghi A, Bahaloo M, et al. Conventional audiometry, extended high-frequency audiometry, and DPOAE for early diagnosis of NIHL. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2014;16(1):e9628. doi: 10.5812/ircmj.9628
15. Mehrparvar AH, Mirmohammadi SJ, Ghoreyshi A, Mollasadeghi A, Loukzadeh Z. High-frequency audio¬metry: a means for early diagnosis of noise-induced hearing loss. Noise Health. 2011;13(55):402-6. doi: 10.4103/1463-1741.90295
16. da Rocha RL, Atherino CC, Frota SM. High-frequency audiometry in normal hearing military firemen exposed to noise. Brazi J Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;76(6):687-94. doi: 10.1590/S1808-86942010000600003
17. Sataloff J, Vassallo L, Menduke H. Occupational hearing loss and high frequency thresholds. Arch Environ Health. 1967;14(6):832-6. doi: 10.1080/00039896.1967.10664849
18. Fillipo R, de Seta E. Ultra and isometric study of "normal" noise-exposed listeners. In: Proceeding of Fourth International Congress on Noise as a Public Health Problem, Turine, June. 1, 353-6.
19. Wang Y, Yang B, Li Y, Hou L, Hu Y, Han Y. [Application of extended high frequency audiometry in the early diagnosis of noise--induced hearing loss]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi. 2000;35(1):26-8. Chinese.
20. Somma G, Pietroiusti A, Magrini A, Coppeta L, Ancona C, Gardi S, et al. Extended high‐frequency audiometry and noise induced hearing loss in cement workers. Am J Ind Med. 2008;51(6):452-62. doi: 10.1002/ajim.20580
21. Rogha M, Amiri Davan M, Abtahi SHR, Sonbolestan SM, Abtahi SM. [Early detection of noise induced hearing loss by extended high frequency audiometry]. J Isfahan Med Sch. 2007;25(85):16-22. Persian.
22. Helleman HW, Eising H, Limpens J, Dreschler WA. Otoacoustic emissions versus audiometry in monitoring hearing loss after long-term noise exposure–a systematic review. Scand J Work Environ Health. 2018;44(6):585-600. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.3725
23. Purnami N, Manyakori S. Reactive oxygen species levels are high risk worker of noise induced hearing loss in hospitals. J Phys Conference Series. 2018;1075(1):012064. doi: 10.1088/1742-6596/1075/1/012064
24. Sulaiman AH, Husain R, Seluakumaran K. Evaluation of early hearing damage in personal listening device users using extended high-frequency audiometry and otoacoustic emissions. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;271(6):1463-70. doi: 10.1007/s00405-013-2612-z
25. Sulaiman AH, Seluakumaran K, Husain R. Hearing risk associated with the usage of personal listening devices among urban high school students in Malaysia. Public Health. 2013;127(8):710-5. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2013.01.007
26. Minovi A, Dazert S. Diseases of the middle ear in childhood. GMS Curr Top Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;13:11. doi: 10.3205/cto000114
27. da Costa SS, Rosito LP, Dornelles C. Sensorineural hearing loss in patients with chronic otitis media. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;266(2):221-4. doi: 10.1007/s00405-008-0739-0
28. Amali A, Hosseinzadeh N, Samadi S, Nasiri S, Zebardast J. Sensorineural hearing loss in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media: Is there a significant correlation? Electron Physician. 2017;9(2):3823-27. doi: 10.19082/3823
29. Li G, Li T, Liu H, Sun L. Correlation between recovery time of extended high-frequency audiometry and duration of inflammation in patients with acute otitis media. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;277(9):2447-53. doi: 10.1007/s00405-020-05973-1
30. McDermott JC, Fausti SA, Frey RH. Effects of middle-ear disease and cleft palate on high-frequency hearing in children. Audiology. 1986;25(3):136-48. doi: 10.3109/00206098609078380
31. Dieroff HG, Schuhmann G. High frequency hearing following otitis media with effusion in childhood. Scand Audiol Suppl. 1986;26:83-4.
32. Ganesan P, Schmiedge J, Manchaiah V, Swapna S, Dhandayutham S, Kothandaraman PP, et al. Ototoxicity: A challenge in diagnosis and treatment. J Audiol Otol. 2018;22(2):59-68. doi: 10.7874/jao.2017.00360
33. Mousavi A, Rouhbakhsh N, Babaei GR. Reliabilty of high frequency audiometry threshold in children. Audiol. 2006;14(2):13-8.
34. Campbell KCM, Le Prell CG. Drug-induced ototoxicity: diagnosis and monitoring. Drug Saf. 2018;41(5):451-64. doi: 10.1007/s40264-017-0629-8
35. Al-Malky G, Dawson SJ, Sirimanna T, Bagkeris E, Suri R. High-frequency audiometry reveals high prevalence of aminoglycoside ototoxicity in children with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros. 2015;14(2):248-54. doi: 10.1016/j.jcf.2014.07.009
36. Al-Malky G, Suri R, Dawson SJ, Sirimanna T, Kemp D. Aminoglycoside antibiotics cochleotoxicity in paediatric cystic fibrosis (CF) patients: a study using extended high-frequency audiometry and distortion product oto-acoustic emissions. Int J Audiol. 2011;50(2):112-22. doi: 10.3109/14992027.2010.524253
37. Frank T, hearing. High-frequency (8 to 16 kHz) reference thresholds and intrasubject threshold variability relative to ototoxicity criteria using a Sennheiser HDA 200 earphone. Ear Hear. 2001;22(2):161-8. doi: 10.1097/00003446-200104000-00009
38. Sakamoto M, Kaga K, Kamio T. Surgery N. Extended high-frequency ototoxicity induced by the first administration of cisplatin. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2000;122(6):828-33. doi: 10.1016/s0194-5998(00)70009-x
39. Brooks B, Knight K. Ototoxicity monitoring in children treated with platinum chemotherapy. Int J Audiol. 2018;57(sup4):S34-40. doi: 10.1080/14992027.2017.1355570
40. Haugnes HS, Stenklev NC, Brydøy M, Dahl O, Wilsgaard T, Laukli E, et al. Hearing loss before and after cisplatin-based chemotherapy in testicular cancer survivors: a longitudinal study. Acta Oncol. 2018;57(8):1075-1083. doi: 10.1080/0284186X.2018.1433323
41. Beahan N, Kei J, Driscoll C, Charles B, Khan A. High-frequency pure-tone audiometry in children: A test–retest reliability study relative to ototoxic criteria. Ear Hear. 2012;33(1):104-11. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0b013e318228a77d
42. Abujamra AL, Escosteguy JR, Dall'Igna C, Manica D, Cigana LF, Coradini P, et al. The use of high‐frequency audiometry increases the diagnosis of asymptomatic hearing loss in pediatric patients treated with cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 2013;60(3):474-8. doi: 10.1002/pbc.24236
43. Yeend I, Francis Beach E, Sharma M, Dillon H. The effects of noise exposure and musical training on suprathreshold auditory processing and speech perception in noise. Hear Res. 2017;353:224-236. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2017.07.006
44. Taylor L. Utilization of a clinical testing battery to help identify suspected hidden hearing loss (HHL) in humans. [Doctoral Dissertation]. Towson, MD: Towson University; 2019.
45. Smith SB, Krizman J, Liu C, White-Schwoch T, Nicol T, Kraus N. Investigating peripheral sources of speech-in-noise variability in listeners with normal audiograms. Hear Res. 2019;371:66-74. doi: 10.1016/j.heares.2018.11.008
46. Bharadwaj HM, Mai AR, Simpson JM, Choi I, Heinz MG, Shinn-Cunningham BG. Non-invasive assays of cochlear synaptopathy--candidates and considerations. Neuroscience. 2019;407:53-66. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.02.031
47. Tepe V, Smalt C, Nelson J, Quatieri T, Pitts K. Hidden hearing injury: The emerging science and military relevance of cochlear synaptopathy. Mil Med. 2017;182(9):e1785-e1795. doi: 10.7205/MILMED-D-17-00025
48. Le Prell CG. Hidden versus not-so-hidden hearing loss. Canadian Audiologist. 2018;5(2):1-12.
49. Ahmadzadeh A, Daraei M, Jalessi M, Peyvandi AA, Amini E, Ranjbar LA, et al. Hearing status in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Laryngol Otol. 2017;131(10):895-99. doi: 10.1017/S0022215117001670
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 30 No 3 (2021) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v30i3.6530 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Extended high-frequency audiometry middle ear infections hidden hearing loss ototoxic medications noise exposure personal music player | ||
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Majidpour A, Shahbazi MH, Kohansal B, Nazeri A. Applications of extended high-frequency audiometry: a narrative review. Aud Vestib Res. 2021;30(3):167-175.
