An introductory overview of bimodal fitting
,
Abstract
Background and Aim: In a bimodal fitting, one ear is stimulated acoustically with a hearing aid and the other is stimulated electrically with a cochlear implant. This paper provides a brief summary of the concept of bimodal fitting, binaural hearing and its importance, the hearing benefits of binaural hearing in bimodal fitting, candidacy and hearing aid adjustment in bimodal fitting cases.
Recent Findings: Researches have shown that bimodal fitting offers a wide range of hearing benefits over unilateral cochlear implants, such as better speech perception in noise, better musical perception, and a better understanding of pitch and tone perception and naturalness of sound perception.
Conclusion: Considering the binaural hearing advantages in bimodal fitting users, it can be concluded that users of unilateral cochlear implants who have measurable residual hearing in their non-implanted ear can use a hearing aid in that ear and enjoy binaural hearing advantages. The hearing aid should be fitted in a way to complement the information obtained through cochlear implantation.
1. Ching TYC, Massie R, Van Wanrooy E, Rushbrooke E, Psarros C. Bimodal fitting or bilateral implantation? Cochlear Implants Int. 2009;10 Suppl 1:23-7. doi: 10.1179/cim.2009.10.Supplement-1.23
2. Dorman MF, Gifford RH, Spahr AJ, McKarns SA. The benefits of combining acoustic and electric stimulation for the recognition of speech, voice and melodies. Audiol Neurootol. 2008;13(2):105-12. doi: 10.1159/000111782
3. Avan P, Giraudet F, Büki B. Importance of binaural hearing. Audiol Neurootol. 2015;20 Suppl 1:3-6. doi: 10.1159/000380741
4. Senn P, Kompis M, Vischer M, Haeusler R. Minimum audible angle, just noticeable interaural differences and speech intelligibility with bilateral cochlear implants using clinical speech processors. Audiol Neurootol. 2005;10(6):342-52. doi: 10.1159/000087351
5. Gatehouse S, Noble W. The speech, spatial and qualities of hearing scale (SSQ). Int J Audiol. 2004;43(2):85-99. doi: 10.1080/14992020400050014
6. Lin G, Carlile S. Costs of switching auditory spatial attention in following conversational turn-taking. Front Neurosci. 2015;9:124. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00124
7. Ching TYC, Incerti P, Hill M, van Wanrooy E. An overview of binaural advantages for children and adults who use binaural/bimodal hearing devices. Audiol Neurootol. 2006;11 Suppl 1:6-11. doi: 10.1159/000095607
8. Illg A, Bojanowicz M, Lesinski-Schiedat A, Lenarz T, Büchner A. Evaluation of the bimodal benefit in a large cohort of cochlear implant subjects using a contralateral hearing aid. Otol Neurotol. 2014;35(9):e240-4. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000529
9. Perrott DR, Musicant AD. Minimum auditory movement angle: binaural localization of moving sound sources. J Acoust Soc Am. 1977;62(6):1463-6. doi: 10.1121/1.381675
10. Gelfand SA, Hochberg I. Binaural and monaural speech discrimination under reverberation. Audiology. 1976;15(1):72-84. doi: 10.3109/00206097609071765
11. Johnsson R, Odelius J, Nykänen A, editors. Self assessment of speech intelligibility listening to binaural recordings. International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering: 23/08/2009-26/08/2009; 2009 (pp. 43-51): Curran Associates, Inc.
12. Hawkins DB, Prosek RA, Walden BE, Montgomery AA. Binaural loudness summation in the hearing impaired. J Speech Hear Res. 1987;30(1):37-43. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3001.37
13. Hawley ML, Litovsky RY, Culling JF. The benefit of binaural hearing in a cocktail party: effect of location and type of interferer. J Acoust Soc Am. 2004;115(2):833-43. doi: 10.1121/1.1639908
14. Laske RD, Veraguth D, Dillier N, Binkert A, Holzmann D, Huber AM. Subjective and objective results after bilateral cochlear implantation in adults. Otol Neurotol. 2009;30(3):313-8. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e31819bd7e6
15. Brown KD, Balkany TJ. Benefits of bilateral cochlear implantation: a review. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;15(5):315-8. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e3282ef3d3e
16. Akeroyd MA. The psychoacoustics of binaural hearing. Int J Audiol. 2006;45 Suppl 1:S25-33. doi: 10.1080/14992020600782626
17. Levitt H, Rabiner LR. Binaural release from masking for speech and gain in intelligibility. J Acoust Soc Am. 1967;42(3):601-8. doi: 10.1121/1.1910629
18. Porsolt RD, Irwin RJ. Binaural summation in loudness of two tones as a function of their bandwidth. Am J Psychol. 1967;80(3):384-90. doi: 10.2307/1420370
19. Blamey PJ, Maat B, Başkent D, Mawman D, Burke E, Dillier N, et al. A retrospective multicenter study comparing speech perception outcomes for bilateral implan¬tation and bimodal rehabilitation. Ear Hear. 2015;36(4):408-16. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000150
20. Ching TYC, van Wanrooy E, Dillon H. Binaural-bimodal fitting or bilateral implantation for managing severe to profound deafness: a review. Trends Amplif. 2007;11(3):161-92. doi: 10.1177/1084713807304357
21. Morera C, Cavalle L, Manrique M, Huarte A, Angel R, Osorio A, et al. Contralateral hearing aid use in cochlear implanted patients: multicenter study of bimodal benefit. Acta Otolaryngol. 2012;132(10):1084-94. doi: 10.3109/00016489.2012.677546
22. Farinetti A, Roman S, Mancini J, Baumstarck-Barrau K, Meller R, Lavieille JP, et al. Quality of life in bimodal hearing users (unilateral cochlear implants and contra¬lateral hearing aids). Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;272(11):3209-15. doi: 10.1007/s00405-014-3377-8
23. Shirvani S, Jafari Z, Motasaddi Zarandi M, Jalaie S, Mohagheghi H, Tale MR. Emotional perception of music in children with bimodal fitting and unilateral cochlear implant. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2016;125(6):470-7. doi: 10.1177/0003489415619943
24. Moberly AC, Lowenstein JH, Nittrouer S. Early bimodal stimulation benefits language acquisition for children with cochlear implants. Otol Neurotol. 2016;37(1):24-30. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000871
25. Nittrouer S, Chapman C. The effects of bilateral electric and bimodal electric--acoustic stimulation on language development. Trends Amplif. 2009;13(3):190-205. doi: 10.1177/1084713809346160
26. Ching TYC, Incerti P, Hill M. Binaural benefits for adults who use hearing aids and cochlear implants in opposite ears. Ear Hear. 2004;25(1):9-21. doi: 10.1097/01.AUD.0000111261.84611.C8
27. Morera C, Manrique M, Ramos A, Garcia-Ibanez L, Cavalle L, Huarte A, et al. Advantages of binaural hearing provided through bimodal stimulation via a cochlear implant and a conventional hearing aid: a 6-month comparative study. Acta Otolaryngol. 2005;125(6):596-606. doi: 10.1080/00016480510027493
28. Schafer EC, Amlani AM, Paiva D, Nozari L, Verret S. A meta-analysis to compare speech recognition in noise with bilateral cochlear implants and bimodal stimulation. Int J Audiol. 2011;50(12):871-80. doi: 10.3109/14992027.2011.622300
29. Schoof T, Green T, Faulkner A, Rosen S. Advantages from bilateral hearing in speech perception in noise with simulated cochlear implants and residual acoustic hearing. J Acoust Soc Am. 2013;133(2):1017-30. doi: 10.1121/1.4773274
30. Kokkinakis K, Pak N. Binaural advantages in users of bimodal and bilateral cochlear implant devices. J Acoust Soc Am. 2014;135(1):EL47-53. doi: 10.1121/1.4831955
31. Lotfi Y, Hasanalifard M, Moossavi A, Bakhshi E, Ajaloueyan M. Binaural hearing advantages for children with bimodal fitting. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 Jun;121:58-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.02.043
32. Francart T, McDermott HJ. Psychophysics, fitting, and signal processing for combined hearing aid and cochlear implant stimulation. Ear Hear. 2013;34(6):685-700. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0b013e31829d14cb
33. Brown CA, Bacon SP. Low-frequency speech cues and simulated electric-acoustic hearing. J Acoust Soc Am. 2009;125(3):1658-65. doi: 10.1121/1.3068441
34. Gifford RH. Bimodal hearing: how to optimize bimodal fitting. Hear J. 2019;72(2):10,12,13. doi: 10.1097/01.HJ.0000553576.87650.3c
35. Vroegop JL, Goedegebure A, van der Schroeff MP. How to optimally fit a hearing aid for bimodal cochlear implant users: a systematic review. Ear Hear. 2018;39(6):1039-45. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000577
36. Digeser FM, Engler M, Hoppe U. Comparison of bimodal benefit for the use of DSL v5.0 and NAL-NL2 in cochlear implant listeners. Int J Audiol. 2020;59(5):383-91. doi: 10.1080/14992027.2019.1697902
37. Neuman AC, Svirsky MA. Effect of hearing aid bandwidth on speech recognition performance of listeners using a cochlear implant and contralateral hearing aid (bimodal hearing). Ear Hear. 2013;34(5):553-61. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0b013e31828e86e8
38. Davidson LS, Firszt JB, Brenner C, Cadieux JH. Evaluation of hearing aid frequency response fittings in pediatric and young adult bimodal recipients. J Am Acad Audiol. 2015;26(4):393-407. doi: 10.3766/jaaa.26.4.7
39. Messersmith JJ, Jorgensen LE, Hagg JA. Reduction in high-frequency hearing aid gain can improve perfor¬mance in patients with contralateral cochlear implant: a pilot study. Am J Audiol. 2015;24(4):462-8. doi: 10.1044/2015_AJA-15-0045
40. Zhang T, Dorman MF, Gifford R, Moore BCJ. Cochlear dead regions constrain the benefit of combining acoustic stimulation with electric stimulation. Ear Hear. 2014;35(4):410-7. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000032
41. Siegenthaler BM, Craig CH. Monaural vs binaural speech reception threshold and word discrimination scores in the hearing impaired. J Aud Res. 1981;21(2):133-5.
42. Jerger J, Silman S, Lew HL, Chmiel R. Case studies in binaural interference: converging evidence from behavioral and electrophysiologic measures. J Am Acad Audiol. 1993;4(2):122-31.
43. Mok M, Grayden D, Dowell RC, Lawrence D. Speech perception for adults who use hearing aids in conjunction with cochlear implants in opposite ears. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2006;49(2):338-51. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/027)
44. Mok M, Galvin KL, Dowell RC, McKay CM. Speech perception benefit for children with a cochlear implant and a hearing aid in opposite ears and children with bilateral cochlear implants. Audiol Neurootol. 2010;15(1):44-56. doi: 10.1159/000219487
45. Cowan R, Chin-Lenn J. Pattern and prevalence of hearing aid use post-implantation in adult cochlear implant users. Aust NZ J Audiol Suppl. 2004;48(1).
46. Flynn MC, Schmidtke T. Benefits of bimodal stimulation for adults with a cochlear implant. Int Congr Ser. 2004;1273:227-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ics.2004.08.040
47. Ching TYC, van Wanrooy E, Hill M, Incerti P. Per¬formance in children with hearing aids or cochlear implants: bilateral stimulation and binaural hearing. Int J Audiol. 2006;45 Suppl 1:S108-12. doi: 10.1080/14992020600783087
48. Schafer EC, Amlani AM, Seibold A, Shattuck PL. A meta-analytic comparison of binaural benefits between bilateral cochlear implants and bimodal stimulation. J Am Acad Audiol. 2007;18(9):760-76. doi: 10.3766/jaaa.18.9.5
49. Fitzpatrick E, Olds J, Durieux-Smith A, McCrae R, Schramm D, Gaboury I. Int J Audiol. 2009;48(2):91-7. doi: 10.1080/14992020802516541
50. Cullington HE, Zeng FG. Bimodal hearing benefit for speech recognition with competing voice in cochlear implant subject with normal hearing in contralateral ear. Ear Hear. 2010;31(1):70-3. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181bc7722
51. Dettman SJ, D'Costa WA, Dowell RC, Winton EJ, Hill KL, Williams SS. Cochlear implants for children with significant residual hearing. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(5):612-8. doi: 10.1001/archotol.130.5.612
52. Potts L, Skinner M, Litovsky R, editors. Bimodal hearing: Device fitting, speech recognition, and localization. In Conference on Implantable Auditory Prostheses; 2007.
53. Tyler RS, Parkinson AJ, Wilson BS, Witt S, Preece JP, Noble W. Patients utilizing a hearing aid and a cochlear implant: speech perception and localization. Ear Hear. 2002;23(2):98-105. doi: 10.1097/00003446-200204000-00003
54. Ullauri A, Crofts H, Wilson K, Titley S. Bimodal benefits of cochlear implant and hearing aid (on the non-implanted ear): a pilot study to develop a protocol and a test battery. Cochlear Implants Int. 2007;8(1):29-37. doi: 10.1179/cim.2007.8.1.29
55. Ching TYC, Hill M, Brew J, Incerti P, Priolo S, Rushbrook E, et al. The effect of auditory experience on speech perception, localization, and functional performance of children who use a cochlear implant and a hearing aid in opposite ears. Int J Audiol. 2005;44(12):677-90. doi: 10.1080/00222930500271630
56. Dunn CC, Tyler RS, Witt SA. Benefit of wearing a hearing aid on the unimplanted ear in adult users of a cochlear implant. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2005;48(3):668-80. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2005/046)
57. Holt RF, Kirk KI, Eisenberg LS, Martinez AS, Campbell W. Spoken word recognition development in children with residual hearing using cochlear implants and hearing AIDS in opposite ears. Ear Hear. 2005;26(4 Suppl):82S-91S. doi: 10.1097/00003446-200508001-00010
58. Kong YY, Stickney GS, Zeng FG. Speech and melody recognition in binaurally combined acoustic and electric hearing. J Acoust Soc Am. 2005;117(3 Pt 1):1351-61. doi: 10.1121/1.1857526
59. Luntz M, Shpak T, Weiss H. Binaural-bimodal hearing: concomitant use of a unilateral cochlear implant and a contralateral hearing aid. Acta Otolaryngol. 2005;125(8):863-9. doi: 10.1080/00016480510035395
60. Luntz M, Shpak T, Weiss H, Peleg C, Sharon R, Brodsky A, et al. Beneficial effect of contralateral amplification in cochlear implant users. Cochlear Implants Int. 2003;4 Suppl 1:52-4. doi: 10.1179/cim.2003.4.Supplement-1.52
61. Luntz M, Yehudai N, Shpak T. Hearing progress and fluctuations in bimodal-binaural hearing users (unilateral cochlear implants and contralateral hearing aid). Acta Otolaryngol. 2007;127(10):1045-50. doi: 10.1080/00016480601158740
62. Mok M, Galvin KL, Dowell RC, McKay CM. Spatial unmasking and binaural advantage for children with normal hearing, a cochlear implant and a hearing aid, and bilateral implants. Audiol Neurootol. 2007;12(5):295-306. doi: 10.1159/000103210
2. Dorman MF, Gifford RH, Spahr AJ, McKarns SA. The benefits of combining acoustic and electric stimulation for the recognition of speech, voice and melodies. Audiol Neurootol. 2008;13(2):105-12. doi: 10.1159/000111782
3. Avan P, Giraudet F, Büki B. Importance of binaural hearing. Audiol Neurootol. 2015;20 Suppl 1:3-6. doi: 10.1159/000380741
4. Senn P, Kompis M, Vischer M, Haeusler R. Minimum audible angle, just noticeable interaural differences and speech intelligibility with bilateral cochlear implants using clinical speech processors. Audiol Neurootol. 2005;10(6):342-52. doi: 10.1159/000087351
5. Gatehouse S, Noble W. The speech, spatial and qualities of hearing scale (SSQ). Int J Audiol. 2004;43(2):85-99. doi: 10.1080/14992020400050014
6. Lin G, Carlile S. Costs of switching auditory spatial attention in following conversational turn-taking. Front Neurosci. 2015;9:124. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00124
7. Ching TYC, Incerti P, Hill M, van Wanrooy E. An overview of binaural advantages for children and adults who use binaural/bimodal hearing devices. Audiol Neurootol. 2006;11 Suppl 1:6-11. doi: 10.1159/000095607
8. Illg A, Bojanowicz M, Lesinski-Schiedat A, Lenarz T, Büchner A. Evaluation of the bimodal benefit in a large cohort of cochlear implant subjects using a contralateral hearing aid. Otol Neurotol. 2014;35(9):e240-4. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000529
9. Perrott DR, Musicant AD. Minimum auditory movement angle: binaural localization of moving sound sources. J Acoust Soc Am. 1977;62(6):1463-6. doi: 10.1121/1.381675
10. Gelfand SA, Hochberg I. Binaural and monaural speech discrimination under reverberation. Audiology. 1976;15(1):72-84. doi: 10.3109/00206097609071765
11. Johnsson R, Odelius J, Nykänen A, editors. Self assessment of speech intelligibility listening to binaural recordings. International Congress and Exposition on Noise Control Engineering: 23/08/2009-26/08/2009; 2009 (pp. 43-51): Curran Associates, Inc.
12. Hawkins DB, Prosek RA, Walden BE, Montgomery AA. Binaural loudness summation in the hearing impaired. J Speech Hear Res. 1987;30(1):37-43. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3001.37
13. Hawley ML, Litovsky RY, Culling JF. The benefit of binaural hearing in a cocktail party: effect of location and type of interferer. J Acoust Soc Am. 2004;115(2):833-43. doi: 10.1121/1.1639908
14. Laske RD, Veraguth D, Dillier N, Binkert A, Holzmann D, Huber AM. Subjective and objective results after bilateral cochlear implantation in adults. Otol Neurotol. 2009;30(3):313-8. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0b013e31819bd7e6
15. Brown KD, Balkany TJ. Benefits of bilateral cochlear implantation: a review. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2007;15(5):315-8. doi: 10.1097/MOO.0b013e3282ef3d3e
16. Akeroyd MA. The psychoacoustics of binaural hearing. Int J Audiol. 2006;45 Suppl 1:S25-33. doi: 10.1080/14992020600782626
17. Levitt H, Rabiner LR. Binaural release from masking for speech and gain in intelligibility. J Acoust Soc Am. 1967;42(3):601-8. doi: 10.1121/1.1910629
18. Porsolt RD, Irwin RJ. Binaural summation in loudness of two tones as a function of their bandwidth. Am J Psychol. 1967;80(3):384-90. doi: 10.2307/1420370
19. Blamey PJ, Maat B, Başkent D, Mawman D, Burke E, Dillier N, et al. A retrospective multicenter study comparing speech perception outcomes for bilateral implan¬tation and bimodal rehabilitation. Ear Hear. 2015;36(4):408-16. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000150
20. Ching TYC, van Wanrooy E, Dillon H. Binaural-bimodal fitting or bilateral implantation for managing severe to profound deafness: a review. Trends Amplif. 2007;11(3):161-92. doi: 10.1177/1084713807304357
21. Morera C, Cavalle L, Manrique M, Huarte A, Angel R, Osorio A, et al. Contralateral hearing aid use in cochlear implanted patients: multicenter study of bimodal benefit. Acta Otolaryngol. 2012;132(10):1084-94. doi: 10.3109/00016489.2012.677546
22. Farinetti A, Roman S, Mancini J, Baumstarck-Barrau K, Meller R, Lavieille JP, et al. Quality of life in bimodal hearing users (unilateral cochlear implants and contra¬lateral hearing aids). Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;272(11):3209-15. doi: 10.1007/s00405-014-3377-8
23. Shirvani S, Jafari Z, Motasaddi Zarandi M, Jalaie S, Mohagheghi H, Tale MR. Emotional perception of music in children with bimodal fitting and unilateral cochlear implant. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 2016;125(6):470-7. doi: 10.1177/0003489415619943
24. Moberly AC, Lowenstein JH, Nittrouer S. Early bimodal stimulation benefits language acquisition for children with cochlear implants. Otol Neurotol. 2016;37(1):24-30. doi: 10.1097/MAO.0000000000000871
25. Nittrouer S, Chapman C. The effects of bilateral electric and bimodal electric--acoustic stimulation on language development. Trends Amplif. 2009;13(3):190-205. doi: 10.1177/1084713809346160
26. Ching TYC, Incerti P, Hill M. Binaural benefits for adults who use hearing aids and cochlear implants in opposite ears. Ear Hear. 2004;25(1):9-21. doi: 10.1097/01.AUD.0000111261.84611.C8
27. Morera C, Manrique M, Ramos A, Garcia-Ibanez L, Cavalle L, Huarte A, et al. Advantages of binaural hearing provided through bimodal stimulation via a cochlear implant and a conventional hearing aid: a 6-month comparative study. Acta Otolaryngol. 2005;125(6):596-606. doi: 10.1080/00016480510027493
28. Schafer EC, Amlani AM, Paiva D, Nozari L, Verret S. A meta-analysis to compare speech recognition in noise with bilateral cochlear implants and bimodal stimulation. Int J Audiol. 2011;50(12):871-80. doi: 10.3109/14992027.2011.622300
29. Schoof T, Green T, Faulkner A, Rosen S. Advantages from bilateral hearing in speech perception in noise with simulated cochlear implants and residual acoustic hearing. J Acoust Soc Am. 2013;133(2):1017-30. doi: 10.1121/1.4773274
30. Kokkinakis K, Pak N. Binaural advantages in users of bimodal and bilateral cochlear implant devices. J Acoust Soc Am. 2014;135(1):EL47-53. doi: 10.1121/1.4831955
31. Lotfi Y, Hasanalifard M, Moossavi A, Bakhshi E, Ajaloueyan M. Binaural hearing advantages for children with bimodal fitting. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019 Jun;121:58-63. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.02.043
32. Francart T, McDermott HJ. Psychophysics, fitting, and signal processing for combined hearing aid and cochlear implant stimulation. Ear Hear. 2013;34(6):685-700. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0b013e31829d14cb
33. Brown CA, Bacon SP. Low-frequency speech cues and simulated electric-acoustic hearing. J Acoust Soc Am. 2009;125(3):1658-65. doi: 10.1121/1.3068441
34. Gifford RH. Bimodal hearing: how to optimize bimodal fitting. Hear J. 2019;72(2):10,12,13. doi: 10.1097/01.HJ.0000553576.87650.3c
35. Vroegop JL, Goedegebure A, van der Schroeff MP. How to optimally fit a hearing aid for bimodal cochlear implant users: a systematic review. Ear Hear. 2018;39(6):1039-45. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000577
36. Digeser FM, Engler M, Hoppe U. Comparison of bimodal benefit for the use of DSL v5.0 and NAL-NL2 in cochlear implant listeners. Int J Audiol. 2020;59(5):383-91. doi: 10.1080/14992027.2019.1697902
37. Neuman AC, Svirsky MA. Effect of hearing aid bandwidth on speech recognition performance of listeners using a cochlear implant and contralateral hearing aid (bimodal hearing). Ear Hear. 2013;34(5):553-61. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0b013e31828e86e8
38. Davidson LS, Firszt JB, Brenner C, Cadieux JH. Evaluation of hearing aid frequency response fittings in pediatric and young adult bimodal recipients. J Am Acad Audiol. 2015;26(4):393-407. doi: 10.3766/jaaa.26.4.7
39. Messersmith JJ, Jorgensen LE, Hagg JA. Reduction in high-frequency hearing aid gain can improve perfor¬mance in patients with contralateral cochlear implant: a pilot study. Am J Audiol. 2015;24(4):462-8. doi: 10.1044/2015_AJA-15-0045
40. Zhang T, Dorman MF, Gifford R, Moore BCJ. Cochlear dead regions constrain the benefit of combining acoustic stimulation with electric stimulation. Ear Hear. 2014;35(4):410-7. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0000000000000032
41. Siegenthaler BM, Craig CH. Monaural vs binaural speech reception threshold and word discrimination scores in the hearing impaired. J Aud Res. 1981;21(2):133-5.
42. Jerger J, Silman S, Lew HL, Chmiel R. Case studies in binaural interference: converging evidence from behavioral and electrophysiologic measures. J Am Acad Audiol. 1993;4(2):122-31.
43. Mok M, Grayden D, Dowell RC, Lawrence D. Speech perception for adults who use hearing aids in conjunction with cochlear implants in opposite ears. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2006;49(2):338-51. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2006/027)
44. Mok M, Galvin KL, Dowell RC, McKay CM. Speech perception benefit for children with a cochlear implant and a hearing aid in opposite ears and children with bilateral cochlear implants. Audiol Neurootol. 2010;15(1):44-56. doi: 10.1159/000219487
45. Cowan R, Chin-Lenn J. Pattern and prevalence of hearing aid use post-implantation in adult cochlear implant users. Aust NZ J Audiol Suppl. 2004;48(1).
46. Flynn MC, Schmidtke T. Benefits of bimodal stimulation for adults with a cochlear implant. Int Congr Ser. 2004;1273:227-30. doi: 10.1016/j.ics.2004.08.040
47. Ching TYC, van Wanrooy E, Hill M, Incerti P. Per¬formance in children with hearing aids or cochlear implants: bilateral stimulation and binaural hearing. Int J Audiol. 2006;45 Suppl 1:S108-12. doi: 10.1080/14992020600783087
48. Schafer EC, Amlani AM, Seibold A, Shattuck PL. A meta-analytic comparison of binaural benefits between bilateral cochlear implants and bimodal stimulation. J Am Acad Audiol. 2007;18(9):760-76. doi: 10.3766/jaaa.18.9.5
49. Fitzpatrick E, Olds J, Durieux-Smith A, McCrae R, Schramm D, Gaboury I. Int J Audiol. 2009;48(2):91-7. doi: 10.1080/14992020802516541
50. Cullington HE, Zeng FG. Bimodal hearing benefit for speech recognition with competing voice in cochlear implant subject with normal hearing in contralateral ear. Ear Hear. 2010;31(1):70-3. doi: 10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181bc7722
51. Dettman SJ, D'Costa WA, Dowell RC, Winton EJ, Hill KL, Williams SS. Cochlear implants for children with significant residual hearing. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2004;130(5):612-8. doi: 10.1001/archotol.130.5.612
52. Potts L, Skinner M, Litovsky R, editors. Bimodal hearing: Device fitting, speech recognition, and localization. In Conference on Implantable Auditory Prostheses; 2007.
53. Tyler RS, Parkinson AJ, Wilson BS, Witt S, Preece JP, Noble W. Patients utilizing a hearing aid and a cochlear implant: speech perception and localization. Ear Hear. 2002;23(2):98-105. doi: 10.1097/00003446-200204000-00003
54. Ullauri A, Crofts H, Wilson K, Titley S. Bimodal benefits of cochlear implant and hearing aid (on the non-implanted ear): a pilot study to develop a protocol and a test battery. Cochlear Implants Int. 2007;8(1):29-37. doi: 10.1179/cim.2007.8.1.29
55. Ching TYC, Hill M, Brew J, Incerti P, Priolo S, Rushbrook E, et al. The effect of auditory experience on speech perception, localization, and functional performance of children who use a cochlear implant and a hearing aid in opposite ears. Int J Audiol. 2005;44(12):677-90. doi: 10.1080/00222930500271630
56. Dunn CC, Tyler RS, Witt SA. Benefit of wearing a hearing aid on the unimplanted ear in adult users of a cochlear implant. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2005;48(3):668-80. doi: 10.1044/1092-4388(2005/046)
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 30 No 1 (2021) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v30i1.5306 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Bimodal fitting cochlear implant binaural hearing | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Hasanalifard M, Lotfi Y, Moossavi A. An introductory overview of bimodal fitting. Aud Vestib Res. 2021;30(1):9-17.
