Research Article

Translation and evaluation the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Children’s Home Inventory for Listening Difficulties questionnaire (CHILD)

Abstract

Background: Early identification of auditory processing difficulties in preschool children is essential for preventing subsequent communication and academic problems. The Children’s Home Inventory for Listening Difficulties (CHILD) is a parent-report measure developed to evaluate children’s listening behaviors in everyday home environments. This study aimed to examine the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the CHILD questionnaire.
Methods: In this cross-sectional psychometric study, 105 Persian-speaking preschool children aged 3–6 years with normal peripheral hearing were recruited. Face and content validity were assessed by an expert panel. Construct validity was evaluated using exploratory factor analysis. Internal consistency and test–retest reliability were assessed using Cronbach’s alpha and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), respectively. Nonparametric analyses were performed to examine the effects of age and gender on questionnaire scores.
Results: Face and content validity indices were acceptable. One item was removed because of an inadequate content validity ratio. Exploratory factor analysis supported a one-factor structure (Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO)=0.895; Bartlett’s test: χ²=891.351, p<0.001), explaining 53.52% of the total variance. The final 14-item version demonstrated excellent internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.928) and test–retest reliability (ICC=0.966, p<0.001). No significant differences were observed across gender (p=0.851) or age groups (p=0.600). In addition, no significant correlation was found between age and total questionnaire score (r=-0.053, p=0.593).
Conclusion: The Persian CHILD questionnaire demonstrated satisfactory validity and excellent reliability. The instrument may be used as a practical screening tool for identifying auditory processing difficulties in Persian-speaking preschool children in both clinical and research settings.

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Central Auditory Processing Disorder Screening Children Questionnaire listening difficulty
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Torabi M, Rahbar N, Sameni SJ. Translation and evaluation the validity and reliability of the Persian version of the Children’s Home Inventory for Listening Difficulties questionnaire (CHILD). Aud Vestib Res. 2026;.