Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Teacher’s Evaluation of Auditory Performance In Auditory Processing Disorder Screening
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Abstract
Background and Aim: Auditory Processing Disorder (APD) impairs auditory information processing specially affecting speech understanding in noise. Early screening is essential to address learning and social challenges. The Teacher’s Evaluation of Auditory Performance (TEAP) is a validated teacher-based APD screening tool. This study translated TEAP into Persian (P-TEAP), evaluated its psychometric properties, and assessed correlations with the Scale of Auditory Behaviors (SAB) and Bamford-Kowal-Bench (BKB) sentence test.
Methods: The TEAP was translated trough the International Quality of Life Assessment method. Face and content validity were assessed. Teachers completed both the P-TEAP and the SAB, while parents completed the parent version of SAB, for 243 children aged 7–13 years including 93 males, who underwent hearing screening and BKB testing.
Results: All items were clear and relevant (CVR=0.92, CVI=1). Cronbach’s α was 0.905 for the total scale. Test-retest reliability was excellent (ICC=0.99). Convergent validity was supported by correlations with SAB-T (r=0.901), SAB-P (r=0.716), BKB right ear (r=-0.614), and BKB left ear (r=-0.590). ROC analysis identified a cut-off score of 6 with 95.0% sensitivity and 68.3% specificity using BKB as reference, and a cut-off of 6 with 98.5% sensitivity and 92.1% specificity using SAB-T as reference.
Conclusion: The P-TEAP is a valid and reliable tool for screening APD in Persian-speaking children. Its robust psychometric properties and correlations with SAB and BKB support its use in research and clinical settings.
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16. Herrera MJ, Mena P, Cardemil F, Fuentes E, Rahal M, Sanhueza D, Pardo J, Purdy S. Cross-cultural adaptation to Spanish of the TEAP and ABEL hearing screening instruments for schoolchildren. Rev Otorrinolaringol Cir Cabeza Cuello. 2015;75(2):89-95. [DOI:10.4067/S0718-48162015000200002]
17. Kato T, Miura T. The impact of questionnaire length on the accuracy rate of online surveys. J Market Anal. 2021;9:83-98. [DOI:10.1057/s41270-021-00105-y]
18. Khodaei F, Fatahi F, Rouhbakhsh N, Jalaie S, Koravand A. Validity and Reliability of the Persian Versions of Primary and Secondary Screening Instrument for Targeting Educational Risk Questionnaires. Aud Vestib Res. 2022;31(1):60-8. [DOI:10.18502/avr.v31i1.8136]
19. Anderson K. Screening instrument for targeting educational risk. Danville, IL: Interstate; 1989.
20. Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Patrick DL, Alonso J, Stratford PW, Knol DL, et al. The COSMIN study reached international consensus on taxonomy, terminology, and definitions of measurement properties for health-related patient-reported outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63(7):737-45. [DOI:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.02.006]
21. Association AS-L-H. Guidelines for manual pure-tone threshold audiometry. 2005. [Available from: https://www.asha.org/policy/GL2005-00014/.
22. Aaronson NK, Acquadro C, Alonso J, Apolone G, Bucquet D, Bullinger M, et al. International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) Project. Qual Life Res. 1992;1(5):349-51. [DOI:10.1007/BF00434949]
23. Lawshe CH. A Quantitative Approach to Content Validity. Pers Psychol. 1975;28(4):563-75. [DOI:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393]
24. Polit DF, Beck CT, Owen SV. Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Res Nurs Health. 2007;30(4):459-67. [DOI:10.1002/nur.20199]
25. Jeldres MR, Costa ED, Nadim TF. A review of Lawshe’s method for calculating content validity in the social sciences. Front Educ. 2023;8:1271335. [DOI:10.3389/feduc.2023.1271335]
26. Maximum Permissible Ambient Noise Levels for Audiometric Test Rooms: American National Standards Institute; 2018 [Available from: https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/asa/ansiasas31999r2018.
27. McNeish D. Thanks coefficient alpha, we'll take it from here. Psychol Methods. 2018;23(3):412-33. [DOI:10.1037/met0000144]
28. Uyanah DA, Nsikhe UI. The Theoretical and Empirical Equivalence of Cronbach Alpha and Kuder-Richardson Formular-20 Reliability Coefficients. International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology. 2023;7(5):17-23. [DOI:10.47001/IRJIET/2023.705003]
2. Barry JG, Tomlin D, Moore DR, Dillon H. Use of Questionnaire-Based Measures in the Assessment of Listening Difficulties in School-Aged Children. Ear Hear. 2015;36(6):e300-13. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0000000000000180]
3. Jarollahi F, Pourbakht A, Jalaie S, Oruie M. Screening of Auditory Processing Disorders in School- Aged Children in Tehran, Iran Using the Auditory Processing Domain Questionnaire. Aud Vestib Res. 2022;31(1):17-22. [DOI:10.18502/avr.v31i1.8130]
4. Moloudi A, Rouzbahani M, Rahbar N, Saneie H. Estimation of the referral rate of suspected cases of central auditory processing disorders in children aged 8-12 years old in Oshnavieh, Western Iran, based on auditory processing domain questionnaire and speech in noise and dichotic digit tests. Aud Vestib Res. 2018;27(3):164-70. [DOI:10.18502/avr.v27i3.59]
5. Amizadeh M, Farahani S, Afsharmanesh J, Sharifi H, Fani Molky F. The Prevalence of Central Auditory Processing Disorder in Elementary School Students of Kerman, Iran. Iran J Child Neurol. 2024;18(1):71-80. [DOI:10.22037/ijcn.V17i1.33821]
6. Veletić M, Ostojić-Zeljković S, Nikolić M, Đoković S. Auditory processing abilities in school-aged children in the region of Vojvodina. Hrvat Rev Rehabil Istraž. 2023;59(2):17-30. [DOI:10.31299/hrri.59.2.2]
7. World Health Organization. World report on hearing. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. Available from: https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789240020481
8. Audiology AAo. Clinical practice guidelines: diagnosis, treatment, and management of children and adults with central auditory processing disorder: American Academy of Audiology Reston, VA; 2010. [Available from: https://www.audiology.org/practice-guideline/clinical-practice-guidelines-diagnosis-treatment-and-management-of-children-and-adults-with-central-auditory-processing-disorder/.
9. Moossavi A, Lotfi Y, Javanbakht M, Faghihzadeh S. Speech-evoked auditory brainstem response; electrophysiological evidence of upper brainstem facilitative role on sound lateralization in noise. Neurol Sci. 2020;41(3):611-7. [DOI:10.1007/s10072-019-04102-z]
10. Moossavi A, Mehrkian S, Karami F, Biglarian A, Mahmoodi Bakhtiari B. Developing of Persian Version of the BKB Sentences and Content Validity Assessment. Aud Vestib Res. 2017;26(1):27-33.
11. Smoski W, Brunt MA, Tannahill JC. Children’s auditory performance scale (CHAPS). Tampa, FL: Educational Audiology Association [Internet]. 1998. Available from: https://www.phonakpro.com/content/dam/phonakpro/gc_hq/en/resources/counseling_tools/documents/child_hearing_assessment_childrens_auditory_performance_scale_chaps_2017.pdf.
12. O'Hara B, Mealings K. Developing the auditory processing domains questionnaire (APDQ): a differential screening tool for auditory processing disorder. Int J Audiol. 2018;57(10):764-75. [DOI:10.1080/14992027.2018.1487087]
13. Mehboodi R, Javanbakht M, Ramezani M, Ebrahim AA, Bakhshi E. Normalization and Validation of the Persian Version of the Scale of Auditory Behaviors. Archives of Rehabilitation. 2025;26(1):134-49. [DOI:10.32598/RJ.26.1.3923.1]
14. Summers SA. Factor Structure, Correlations, and Mean Data on Form A of the Beta III Version of Multiple Auditory Processing Assessment (MAPA). [Thesis]. Pocatello, ID: Idaho State University; 2003.
15. Purdy SC, Kelly AS, Davies MG. Auditory brainstem response, middle latency response, and late cortical evoked potentials in children with learning disabilities. J Am Acad Audiol. 2002;13(7):367-82. [DOI:10.1055/s-0040-1715981]
16. Herrera MJ, Mena P, Cardemil F, Fuentes E, Rahal M, Sanhueza D, Pardo J, Purdy S. Cross-cultural adaptation to Spanish of the TEAP and ABEL hearing screening instruments for schoolchildren. Rev Otorrinolaringol Cir Cabeza Cuello. 2015;75(2):89-95. [DOI:10.4067/S0718-48162015000200002]
17. Kato T, Miura T. The impact of questionnaire length on the accuracy rate of online surveys. J Market Anal. 2021;9:83-98. [DOI:10.1057/s41270-021-00105-y]
18. Khodaei F, Fatahi F, Rouhbakhsh N, Jalaie S, Koravand A. Validity and Reliability of the Persian Versions of Primary and Secondary Screening Instrument for Targeting Educational Risk Questionnaires. Aud Vestib Res. 2022;31(1):60-8. [DOI:10.18502/avr.v31i1.8136]
19. Anderson K. Screening instrument for targeting educational risk. Danville, IL: Interstate; 1989.
20. Mokkink LB, Terwee CB, Patrick DL, Alonso J, Stratford PW, Knol DL, et al. The COSMIN study reached international consensus on taxonomy, terminology, and definitions of measurement properties for health-related patient-reported outcomes. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010;63(7):737-45. [DOI:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2010.02.006]
21. Association AS-L-H. Guidelines for manual pure-tone threshold audiometry. 2005. [Available from: https://www.asha.org/policy/GL2005-00014/.
22. Aaronson NK, Acquadro C, Alonso J, Apolone G, Bucquet D, Bullinger M, et al. International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) Project. Qual Life Res. 1992;1(5):349-51. [DOI:10.1007/BF00434949]
23. Lawshe CH. A Quantitative Approach to Content Validity. Pers Psychol. 1975;28(4):563-75. [DOI:10.1111/j.1744-6570.1975.tb01393]
24. Polit DF, Beck CT, Owen SV. Is the CVI an acceptable indicator of content validity? Appraisal and recommendations. Res Nurs Health. 2007;30(4):459-67. [DOI:10.1002/nur.20199]
25. Jeldres MR, Costa ED, Nadim TF. A review of Lawshe’s method for calculating content validity in the social sciences. Front Educ. 2023;8:1271335. [DOI:10.3389/feduc.2023.1271335]
26. Maximum Permissible Ambient Noise Levels for Audiometric Test Rooms: American National Standards Institute; 2018 [Available from: https://webstore.ansi.org/standards/asa/ansiasas31999r2018.
27. McNeish D. Thanks coefficient alpha, we'll take it from here. Psychol Methods. 2018;23(3):412-33. [DOI:10.1037/met0000144]
28. Uyanah DA, Nsikhe UI. The Theoretical and Empirical Equivalence of Cronbach Alpha and Kuder-Richardson Formular-20 Reliability Coefficients. International Research Journal of Innovations in Engineering and Technology. 2023;7(5):17-23. [DOI:10.47001/IRJIET/2023.705003]
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How to Cite
1.
rostami N, Javanbakht M, Bakhshi E, EbrahimiA-, Rasouli A. Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Teacher’s Evaluation of Auditory Performance In Auditory Processing Disorder Screening. Aud Vestib Res. 2026;.
