Development of the Persian Staggered Spondaic Word Test with Perceptual Simultaneity: Validity, Reliability, and Normative data
-
Ehsan Negin
,
Ghassem Mohammadkhani
,
Shohreh Jalaie
,
Samaneh Sadat Barootiyan
,
Mina Bandad
,
Mohammad Saleh Moosapour Bardsiri
,
Jack Katz
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction: The present research was conducted to develop the Persian Staggered Spondaic Word (P-SSW) test using perceptual simultaneity, analyze its psychometric properties, and obtain normative data.
Materials & Methods: The test was developed by optimizing the materials and using perceptual simultaneity. The test psychometric properties were also assessed and the test-retest reliability was evaluated after four weeks. This study recruited 380 participants. Twenty-four experts evaluated the content validity. Forty-two individuals provided comments for the face validity verification. Two hundred and thirteen healthy individuals were recruited to evaluate the psychometric properties.
Results: The content and face validity were confirmed. Insignificant differences were observed between the two genders. Significant differences were found in the total score and different conditions among specific age groups. Significant and positive correlations were observed between the test and retest scores (r>0.8).
Conclusion: Auditory processing can be assessed in Persian speakers using the P-SSW test as a valid and reliable instrument. Perceptual simultaneity might be the most appropriate technique to develop this test given the potential effects of other methods on the results
1. Musiek FE, Berge BE. A neuroscience view of auditory training/stimulation and central auditory processing disorders. In: Masters MG, Stecker NA, Katz J, editors. Central auditory - processing disorders mostly management. Boston: Allyn and Bacon; 1988. p. 15-24.
2. Jerger J, Musiek F. Report of the Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis of Auditory Processing Disorders in School-Aged Children. J Am Acad Audiol. 2000;11(9):467-74.
3. KATZ J, BASIL RA, SMITH JM. A STAGGERED SPONDAIC WORD TEST FOR DETECTING CENTRAL AUDITORY LESIONS. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1963 Dec;72:908-17. DOI: 10.1177/000348946307200405
4. Geffner D. Central auditory processing disorders: Definition, description, behaviors, and comorbidities. In: Geffner D, Ross-Swain D, editors. Auditory processing disorders, assessment, management, and treatment, 3rd ed. San Diego: Plural Publishing; p. 37-68.
5. Keith RW. Interpretation of the Staggered Spondee Word (SSW) test. Ear Hear. 1983;4(6):287-92. [DOI:10.1097/00003446-198311000-00005]
6. Wilson WJ, Katz J, Dalgleish J, Rix J. The Australian staggered spondaic word test (ASSW). Aust N Z J Audiol, 2007; 29(1): 14–25.
7. Maxwell NJ. An Analysis of Staggered Spondaic Word Test Performances of Dyslexic Children and Their Parents. [Thesis]. Portland: Portland State University; 1978.
https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.2733
8. Mueller HG. The staggered spondaic word test: Practical use. In Seminars in Hearing 1987 Aug (Vol. 8, No. 03, pp. 267-277). Copyright© 1987 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1091377
9. Zalewski TR. Test–retest reliability for the SSW Number of Error (NOE) analysis in an adult population with hearing impairment. Contemp Issues Commun Sci Disord. 2005;32:120-5.
10. Rudmin F. SSW alignment study weaknesses. Scand Audiol. 1981;10(4):269-71. DOI: 10.3109/01050398109076192
11. Rudmin F, Katz J. Dichotic onset and offset parameters on the SSW test. In: Arnst D, Katz J, editors. Central auditory assessment: The SSW test development and clinical use. CA San Diego: College Hill Press; 1982; 158-70.
12. Soto-Ramos H, Windham RA, Katz J. Introducing a Spanish-language version of the staggered spondaic word test. Hear J. 1992;45:39-43.
13. Hajiabolhassan F, Lotfi Y, Azordegan F. [Introducing and evaluating a Farsi - language version of the staggered spondaic word test in normal hearing subject]. Audiol. 2006;15(1): 39-46. Persian.
14. Bi Jen Khan M. [The Corpus of Contemporary Colloquial Persian. Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Corpus Linguistics]. Tehran: Nevise-e-Parsi; 2016. Persian.
15. Katz J. The Buffalo CAPD Model: The importance of phonemes in evaluation and remediation. J Phonet and Audiol. 2016;2(1):111. [DOI:10.4172/2471-9455.1000111]
16. Shahmir B, Hajiabolhassan F, Mohammadkhani G, Tahaei AA, Jalaie S. Development and evaluation of the reliability of Persian version of double dichotic digit test in girls aged 7 to 11 years. Aud Vestib Res, 2015;24(3): 164-70.
17. Negin E, Jarollahi F, Barootiyan SS, Seyyedi F, Jalaie S, Katz J. Development, validity, reliability and normative data of the Persian Phonemic Synthesis Test (P-PST). Int J Audiol. 2020;59(3):230-5. DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2019.1688401
18. Mahdavi ME, Aghazadeh J, Tahaei SAA, Heiran F, Baghban AA. Persian randomized dichotic digits test: Development and dichotic listening performance in young adults. AudVestib Res, 2015; 23(6): 99–113.
19. Katz J, Smith PS. The Staggered Spondaic Word Test. A ten-minute look at the central nervous system through the ears. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;620:233-51. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb51587.x
20. Katz J. Therapy for auditory processing disorders: simple effective procedures. Denver, CO: Educational Audiology Association; 2009.
21. Negin E, Barootian SS. [Central auditory processing assessments; Buffalo model of auditory processing]. 1st ed. Tehran: Setayeshe Hasti Pub.; 2018. Persian.
22. Negin E, Farahani S, Babaei S, Faryadras R, Barootiyan SS. Cross-cultural adaptation and determining validity and reliability of the Persian revised Buffalo model questionnaire. Audit Vestib Res, 2020;29(3): ……. DOI:10.18502/avr.v29i3.3851
23. Negin E, Mohammadkhani G, Jalaie S, Jarollahi F. Efficacy of phonemic training program in rehabilitation of Persian-speaking children with auditory processing disorder: a single subject study. Audit Vestib Res, 2018; 27(3): 116–25. DOI:10.18502/avr.v27i3.52
24. Barootiyan SS, Karimi LJ, Jalaie S, Negin E. Development and evaluation of the efficacy of Persian phonemic synthesis program in children with (central) auditory processing disorder: a single subject study. Audit Vestib Res, 2018; 27(2): 101-10.
25. Shomeil Shushtari S, Fatahi F, Rouhbakhsh N, Saki N, Jalaie S, Negin E, et al. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the Phoneme Recognition Test: A central auditory processing measure. Iran J Child Neurol. 2022;16(3):79-93. DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v15i4.28648
26. Golding M, Lilly DJ, Lay JW. A staggered spondaic word (SSW) test for Australian use. Aust J Audiol.1996;18:81-8.
27. Tillery KL, Katz J, Keller WD. Effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) on auditory performance in children with attention and auditory processing disorders. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2000;43(4):893-901. [DOI:10.1044/jslhr.4304.893]
28. Jones-Lewis B. Reliability of the SSW Test in an elderly population. SSW Reports. 1993;15(4):21-4.
2. Jerger J, Musiek F. Report of the Consensus Conference on the Diagnosis of Auditory Processing Disorders in School-Aged Children. J Am Acad Audiol. 2000;11(9):467-74.
3. KATZ J, BASIL RA, SMITH JM. A STAGGERED SPONDAIC WORD TEST FOR DETECTING CENTRAL AUDITORY LESIONS. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1963 Dec;72:908-17. DOI: 10.1177/000348946307200405
4. Geffner D. Central auditory processing disorders: Definition, description, behaviors, and comorbidities. In: Geffner D, Ross-Swain D, editors. Auditory processing disorders, assessment, management, and treatment, 3rd ed. San Diego: Plural Publishing; p. 37-68.
5. Keith RW. Interpretation of the Staggered Spondee Word (SSW) test. Ear Hear. 1983;4(6):287-92. [DOI:10.1097/00003446-198311000-00005]
6. Wilson WJ, Katz J, Dalgleish J, Rix J. The Australian staggered spondaic word test (ASSW). Aust N Z J Audiol, 2007; 29(1): 14–25.
7. Maxwell NJ. An Analysis of Staggered Spondaic Word Test Performances of Dyslexic Children and Their Parents. [Thesis]. Portland: Portland State University; 1978.
https://doi.org/10.15760/etd.2733
8. Mueller HG. The staggered spondaic word test: Practical use. In Seminars in Hearing 1987 Aug (Vol. 8, No. 03, pp. 267-277). Copyright© 1987 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc. DOI: 10.1055/s-0028-1091377
9. Zalewski TR. Test–retest reliability for the SSW Number of Error (NOE) analysis in an adult population with hearing impairment. Contemp Issues Commun Sci Disord. 2005;32:120-5.
10. Rudmin F. SSW alignment study weaknesses. Scand Audiol. 1981;10(4):269-71. DOI: 10.3109/01050398109076192
11. Rudmin F, Katz J. Dichotic onset and offset parameters on the SSW test. In: Arnst D, Katz J, editors. Central auditory assessment: The SSW test development and clinical use. CA San Diego: College Hill Press; 1982; 158-70.
12. Soto-Ramos H, Windham RA, Katz J. Introducing a Spanish-language version of the staggered spondaic word test. Hear J. 1992;45:39-43.
13. Hajiabolhassan F, Lotfi Y, Azordegan F. [Introducing and evaluating a Farsi - language version of the staggered spondaic word test in normal hearing subject]. Audiol. 2006;15(1): 39-46. Persian.
14. Bi Jen Khan M. [The Corpus of Contemporary Colloquial Persian. Proceedings of the Second National Conference on Corpus Linguistics]. Tehran: Nevise-e-Parsi; 2016. Persian.
15. Katz J. The Buffalo CAPD Model: The importance of phonemes in evaluation and remediation. J Phonet and Audiol. 2016;2(1):111. [DOI:10.4172/2471-9455.1000111]
16. Shahmir B, Hajiabolhassan F, Mohammadkhani G, Tahaei AA, Jalaie S. Development and evaluation of the reliability of Persian version of double dichotic digit test in girls aged 7 to 11 years. Aud Vestib Res, 2015;24(3): 164-70.
17. Negin E, Jarollahi F, Barootiyan SS, Seyyedi F, Jalaie S, Katz J. Development, validity, reliability and normative data of the Persian Phonemic Synthesis Test (P-PST). Int J Audiol. 2020;59(3):230-5. DOI: 10.1080/14992027.2019.1688401
18. Mahdavi ME, Aghazadeh J, Tahaei SAA, Heiran F, Baghban AA. Persian randomized dichotic digits test: Development and dichotic listening performance in young adults. AudVestib Res, 2015; 23(6): 99–113.
19. Katz J, Smith PS. The Staggered Spondaic Word Test. A ten-minute look at the central nervous system through the ears. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 1991;620:233-51. DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb51587.x
20. Katz J. Therapy for auditory processing disorders: simple effective procedures. Denver, CO: Educational Audiology Association; 2009.
21. Negin E, Barootian SS. [Central auditory processing assessments; Buffalo model of auditory processing]. 1st ed. Tehran: Setayeshe Hasti Pub.; 2018. Persian.
22. Negin E, Farahani S, Babaei S, Faryadras R, Barootiyan SS. Cross-cultural adaptation and determining validity and reliability of the Persian revised Buffalo model questionnaire. Audit Vestib Res, 2020;29(3): ……. DOI:10.18502/avr.v29i3.3851
23. Negin E, Mohammadkhani G, Jalaie S, Jarollahi F. Efficacy of phonemic training program in rehabilitation of Persian-speaking children with auditory processing disorder: a single subject study. Audit Vestib Res, 2018; 27(3): 116–25. DOI:10.18502/avr.v27i3.52
24. Barootiyan SS, Karimi LJ, Jalaie S, Negin E. Development and evaluation of the efficacy of Persian phonemic synthesis program in children with (central) auditory processing disorder: a single subject study. Audit Vestib Res, 2018; 27(2): 101-10.
25. Shomeil Shushtari S, Fatahi F, Rouhbakhsh N, Saki N, Jalaie S, Negin E, et al. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Persian version of the Phoneme Recognition Test: A central auditory processing measure. Iran J Child Neurol. 2022;16(3):79-93. DOI: 10.22037/ijcn.v15i4.28648
26. Golding M, Lilly DJ, Lay JW. A staggered spondaic word (SSW) test for Australian use. Aust J Audiol.1996;18:81-8.
27. Tillery KL, Katz J, Keller WD. Effects of methylphenidate (Ritalin) on auditory performance in children with attention and auditory processing disorders. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2000;43(4):893-901. [DOI:10.1044/jslhr.4304.893]
28. Jones-Lewis B. Reliability of the SSW Test in an elderly population. SSW Reports. 1993;15(4):21-4.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Articles in Press | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Development staggered spondaic words test perceptual simultaneity auditory processing disorder | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Negin E, Mohammadkhani G, Jalaie S, Barootiyan S, Bandad M, Moosapour Bardsiri MS, Katz J. Development of the Persian Staggered Spondaic Word Test with Perceptual Simultaneity: Validity, Reliability, and Normative data. Aud Vestib Res. 2024;.
