The perception of pitch contours in typically developing children with and without musical training
Perception of pitch contours
,
Abstract
Background and Aim: Musical training causes neuroplasticity changes which are transferred to other modalities like- audition, cognition. All the musical tests uses musical stimulus, thus making it hard for the children without musical training due to the unfamiliarity of the stimulus. Dynamic stimulus like pitch contour, mimics musical stimulus. Hence the present study aimed to investigate the perception of pitch contour for different tonal stimuli in typically developing children with and without musical training.
Methods: Children aged 9-13 years were categorized into two groups: group-I with formal musical training and group-II without musical training. Musical abilities were assessed using the Montreal Battery for Evaluation of Music Abilities (MBEMA) test with melody, rhythm, and memory subtests. The melody and rhythm subtests had discrimination of musical tones, while the memory subtest had identification of familiar melodies from previous subtests. The pitch contours for tonal stimulus were generated using PRAAT software . The pitch contour consisted of tones sweeps representing nine patterns (rising, rising-flat,rising-falling, flat, flat-rising, flat-falling, falling, falling-flat, and falling-rising) for 500Hz, 1kHz, and 2kHz tones. Children were familiarized with these contours and then tested using closed-set identification task using DMDX software
Results: Group I performed better than group-II in both musical ability and pitch contour identification tests. MANOVA revealed significant differences in MBEMA and pitch contour identification between the groups.
Conclusion: The contour perception of the different pitch shows evident differences induced by musical training. It is proposed to assess the musical ability of the individual with the tonal pitch contours.
2. Shen J, Souza PE. The Effect of Dynamic Pitch on Speech Recognition in Temporally Modulated Noise. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2017;60(9):2725-39. [DOI:10.1044/2017_JSLHR-H-16-0389]
3. Nie Y, Galvin JJ 3rd, Morikawa M, André V, Wheeler H, Fu QJ. Music and Speech Perception in Children Using Sung Speech. Trends Hear. 2018;22:2331216518766810. [DOI:10.1177/2331216518766810]
4. Reybrouck M, Podlipniak P, Welch D. Music and Noise: Same or Different? What Our Body Tells Us. Front Psychol. 2019;10:1153. [DOI:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01153]
5. Zendel BR, West GL, Belleville S, Peretz I. Musical training improves the ability to understand speech-in-noise in older adults. Neurobiol Aging. 2019;81:102-15. [DOI:10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2019.05.015]
6. Saarikivi KA, Huotilainen M, Tervaniemi M, Putkinen V. Selectively Enhanced Development of Working Memory in Musically Trained Children and Adolescents. Front Integr Neurosci. 2019;13:62. [DOI:10.3389/fnint.2019.00062]
7. Clinard CG, Cotter CM. Neural representation of dynamic frequency is degraded in older adults. Hear Res. 2015;323:91-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.heares.2015.02.002]
8. Fancourt A, Dick F, Stewart L. Pitch-change detection and pitch-direction discrimination in children. Psychomusicology: Music, Mind, and Brain. 2013;23(2):73-81. [DOI:10.1037/a0033301]
9. Cooper A, Wang Y. The influence of linguistic and musical experience on Cantonese word learning. J Acoust Soc Am. 2012;131(6):4756-69. [DOI:10.1121/1.4714355]
10. Wayland R, Herrera E, Kaan E. Effects of musical experience and training on pitch contour perception. J Phon. 2010;38(4):654–62. [DOI:10.1016/j.wocn.2010.10.001]
11. Roden I, Könen T, Bongard S, Frankenberg E, Friedrich EK, Kreutz G. Effects of Music Training on Attention, Processing Speed and Cognitive Music Abilities—Findings from a Longitudinal Study. Appl Cogn Psychol. 2014;28(4):545-57. [DOI:10.1002/acp.3034]
12. Crew JD, Galvin JJ 3rd, Fu QJ. Melodic contour identification and sentence recognition using sung speech. J Acoust Soc Am. 2015;138(3):EL347-51. [DOI:10.1121/1.4929800]
13. Yathiraj A, Mascarenhas K. Effect of auditory stimulation in central auditory processing in children with CAPD. Mysore: All India Institute of Speech and Hearing; 2003.
14. Peretz I, Gosselin N, Nan Y, Caron-Caplette E, Trehub SE, Béland R. A novel tool for evaluating children's musical abilities across age and culture. Front Syst Neurosci. 2013;7:30. [DOI:10.3389/fnsys.2013.00030]
15. Forster KI, Forster JC. DMDX: a windows display program with millisecond accuracy. Behav Res Methods Instrum Comput. 2003;35(1):116-24. [DOI:10.3758/bf03195503]
16. Boersma P, van Heuven V. Speak and unSpeak with Praat. Glot International. 2001;5(9-10):341-7.
17. Bidelman GM, Schug JM, Jennings SG, Bhagat SP. Psychophysical auditory filter estimates reveal sharper cochlear tuning in musicians. J Acoust Soc Am. 2014;136(1):EL33-9. [DOI:10.1121/1.4885484]
18. Chen S, Zhu Y, Wayland R, Yang Y. How musical experience affects tone perception efficiency by musicians of tonal and non-tonal speakers? PLoS One. 2020;15(5):e0232514. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0232514]
19. Stalinski SM, Schellenberg EG, Trehub SE. Developmental changes in the perception of pitch contour: distinguishing up from down. J Acoust Soc Am. 2008;124(3):1759-63. [DOI:10.1121/1.2956470]
20. Nie Y, Galvin JJ 3rd, Morikawa M, André V, Wheeler H, Fu QJ. Music and Speech Perception in Children Using Sung Speech. Trends Hear. 2018;22:2331216518766810. [DOI:10.1177/2331216518766810]
21. Oxenham AJ. How We Hear: The Perception and Neural Coding of Sound. Annu Rev Psychol. 2018;69:27-50. [DOI:10.1146/annurev-psych-122216-011635]
22. Venkatesan S, Basavaraj V. Ethical guidelines for bio behavioral research. Mysore All India Institute of Speech and Hearing. 2009; (December):1–23.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Articles in Press | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| Keywords | ||
| Perception Pitch contours Musical training | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
