Otolith Function in Young Skilled Football Players
,
Abstract
Background and Aim: Regular physical activities, including sports, are associated with improved balance function. The objectives of our study were to conduct cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials (cVEMPs) and ocular VEMPs (oVEMPs) in young adult football players and to compare the test results with those who are not involved in regular physical activities as the control group.
Methods: We recruited 11 young football players (9 right-leg and two left-leg dominant) who have been playing football regularly since childhood and have participated in inter-school or college/university-level football tournaments. The age-matched control group consisted of 11 healthy participants not involved in any physical activities regularly or as a hobby. Participants in both groups underwent cVEMP and oVEMP tests in both ears.
Results: The peak-to-peak amplitude of both cVEMP and oVEMP were higher in football players than in the control group. The amplitude for left ear stimulation was higher than the right ear for both cVEMP and oVEMP in football players and it reached statistical significance for oVEMP in left ear stimulation (p<0.05). The n10 latency of oVEMP in both right and left ear stimulations and the p13 latency of cVEMP in left ear stimulation was significantly shorter in football players compared to the control group (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Regular football players have stronger vestibule-collic and translational Vestibulo-Ocular Reflexes (t-VOR). The reflex strength, measured as the higher peak-to-peak amplitude of VEMPs, might also be influenced by factors like leg/eye dominance.
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24. Carey DP, Smith DT, Martin D, Smith G, Skriver J, Rutland A, et al. The bi-pedal ape: plasticity and asymmetry in footedness. Cortex. 2009;45(5):650-61. [DOI:10.1016/j.cortex.2008.05.011]
25. Carey DP, Smith G, Smith DT, Shepherd JW, Skriver J, Ord L, et al. Footedness in world soccer: an analysis of France '98. J Sports Sci. 2001;19(11):855-64. [DOI:10.1080/026404101753113804]
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27. Zouhal H, Abderrahman AB, Dupont G, Truptin P, Le Bris R, Le Postec E, et al. Laterality Influences Agility Performance in Elite Soccer Players. Front Physiol. 2018;9:807. [DOI:10.3389/fphys.2018.00807]
28. Khan AZ, Crawford JD. Ocular dominance reverses as a function of horizontal gaze angle. Vision Res. 2001;41(14):1743-8. [DOI:10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00079-7]
29. Porac C, Coren S. Lateral Preferences and Human Behavior. New York: Springer; 1981.
30. Mapp AP, Ono H, Barbeito R. What does the dominant eye dominate? A brief and somewhat contentious review. Percept Psychophys. 2003;65(2):310-7. [DOI:10.3758/bf03194802]
31. Porac C, Coren S. Sighting dominance and utrocular discrimination. Percept Psychophys. 1986;39(6):449-51. [DOI:10.3758/bf03207075]
32. Moreno M, Capdevila L, Losilla JM. Could hand-eye laterality profiles affect sport performance? A systematic review. PeerJ. 2022;10:e14385. [DOI:10.7717/peerj.14385]
33. Meldrum D, Glennon A, Herdman S, Murray D, McConn-Walsh R. Virtual reality rehabilitation of balance: assessment of the usability of the Nintendo Wii(®) Fit Plus. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2012;7(3):205-10. [DOI:10.3109/17483107.2011.616922]
2. Hain TC, Helminski J. Anatomy and physiology of the normal vestibular system. In: Herdman SJ, Clendaniel RA, editors. Vestibular Rehabilitation. 4th ed. Philadelphia: F.A. Davis Company; 2014. p. 2-19.
3. Röijezon U, Clark NC, Treleaven J. Proprioception in musculoskeletal rehabilitation. Part 1: Basic science and principles of assessment and clinical interventions. Man Ther. 2015;20(3):368-77. [DOI:10.1016/j.math.2015.01.008]
4. Pinsault N, Vuillerme N. Differential postural effects of plantar-flexor muscle fatigue under normal, altered and improved vestibular and neck somatosensory conditions. Exp Brain Res. 2008;191(1):99-107. [DOI:10.1007/s00221-008-1500-z]
5. Liang Y, Hiley M, Kanosue K. The effect of contact sport expertise on postural control. PLoS One. 2019;14(2):e0212334. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0212334]
6. Assländer L, Peterka RJ. Sensory reweighting dynamics in human postural control. J Neurophysiol. 2014;111(9):1852-64. [DOI:10.1152/jn.00669.2013]
7. Paillard T, Noé F, Rivière T, Marion V, Montoya R, Dupui P. Postural performance and strategy in the unipedal stance of soccer players at different levels of competition. J Athl Train. 2006;41(2):172-6.
8. Gauchard GC, Jeandel C, Perrin PP. Physical and sporting activities improve vestibular afferent usage and balance in elderly human subjects. Gerontology. 2001;47(5):263-70. [DOI:10.1159/000052810]
9. Zsarnoczky-Dulhazi F, Hegedus A, Soldos P, Trzaskoma L, Kopper B. Effect of sports background on the visual and vestibular signal processing abilities of athletes. Sci Sports. 2022;37(8):798.e1-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.scispo.2021.12.005]
10. Bressel E, Yonker JC, Kras J, Heath EM. Comparison of static and dynamic balance in female collegiate soccer, basketball, and gymnastics athletes. J Athl Train. 2007;42(1):42-6.
11. Rodríguez-Villalba R, Caballero-Borrego M. Normative values for the video Head Impulse Test in children without otoneurologic symptoms and their evolution across childhood by gender. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2023;280(9):4037-43. [DOI:10.1007/s00405-023-07900-6]
12. Curthoys IS, Uzun-Coruhlu H, Wong CC, Jones AS, Bradshaw AP. The configuration and attachment of the utricular and saccular maculae to the temporal bone. New evidence from microtomography-CT studies of the membranous labyrinth. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2009;1164:13-8. [DOI:10.1111/j.1749-6632.2008.03729.x]
13. Todd NP, Rosengren SM, Aw ST, Colebatch JG. Ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (OVEMPs) produced by air- and bone-conducted sound. Clin Neurophysiol. 2007;118(2):381-90. [DOI:10.1016/j.clinph.2006.09.025]
14. Craig CL, Marshall AL, Sjöström M, Bauman AE, Booth ML, Ainsworth BE, et al. International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2003;35(8):1381-95. [DOI:10.1249/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB]
15. Sinha SK, Neupane AK, Gururaj K. Importance of Vestibulo-ocular Reflex Gain and Refixation Saccade Analysis in Individuals with Auditory Neuropathy Spectrum Disorder. Int Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;24(2):e140-8. [DOI:10.1055/s-0039-1697004]
16. Sinha SK, Sahu M. Menstrual Cycle Effects on Otolith-Ocular Reflex Pathway. Journal of Indian Speech Language & Hearing Association. 2019;33(1):18-22. [DOI:10.4103/jisha.JISHA_11_18]
17. Lee KJ, Kim MS, Son EJ, Lim HJ, Bang JH, Kang JG. The Usefulness of Rectified VEMP. Clin Exp Otorhinolaryngol. 2008;1(3):143-7. [DOI:10.3342/ceo.2008.1.3.143]
18. Rodriguez AI, Chiao J, Spencer G. Vestibular-Evoked Myogenic Potential Outcomes Associated with Pediatric Sports-Related Concussion. Laryngoscope. 2022;132(2):436-42. [DOI:10.1002/lary.29803]
19. Lavon H, Tal D, Kaminski-Graif G, Hershkovitz D, Shupak A. Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials and saccular plasticity in divers. Aviat Space Environ Med. 2010;81(2):103-6. [DOI:10.3357/asem.2672.2010]
20. Emami SF. [Studying the Effect of Auditory Training on Cervical Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials in Primary School Age Deaf Children]. J Arak Uni Med Sci. 2016;18(10);20-8. Persian.
21. Erdem EU, Akbaş E. Postural dıfferences between professıonal soccer players and sedentary populatıon. Sci Sports. 2020; 35(2):99.e1-99.e7. [DOI:10.1016/j.scispo.2019.03.012]
22. Vuillerme N, Nougier V. Attentional demand for regulating postural sway: the effect of expertise in gymnastics. Brain Res Bull. 2004;63(2):161-5. [DOI:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2004.02.006]
23. Perrin P, Perrot C, Deviterne D, Ragaru B, Kingma H. Dizziness in discus throwers is related to motion sickness generated while spinning. Acta Otolaryngol. 2000;120(3):390-5. [DOI:10.1080/000164800750000621]
24. Carey DP, Smith DT, Martin D, Smith G, Skriver J, Rutland A, et al. The bi-pedal ape: plasticity and asymmetry in footedness. Cortex. 2009;45(5):650-61. [DOI:10.1016/j.cortex.2008.05.011]
25. Carey DP, Smith G, Smith DT, Shepherd JW, Skriver J, Ord L, et al. Footedness in world soccer: an analysis of France '98. J Sports Sci. 2001;19(11):855-64. [DOI:10.1080/026404101753113804]
26. Mouchnino L, Aurenty R, Massion J, Pedotti A. Coordination between equilibrium and head-trunk orientation during leg movement: a new strategy build up by training. J Neurophysiol. 1992;67(6):1587-98. [DOI:10.1152/jn.1992.67.6.1587]
27. Zouhal H, Abderrahman AB, Dupont G, Truptin P, Le Bris R, Le Postec E, et al. Laterality Influences Agility Performance in Elite Soccer Players. Front Physiol. 2018;9:807. [DOI:10.3389/fphys.2018.00807]
28. Khan AZ, Crawford JD. Ocular dominance reverses as a function of horizontal gaze angle. Vision Res. 2001;41(14):1743-8. [DOI:10.1016/s0042-6989(01)00079-7]
29. Porac C, Coren S. Lateral Preferences and Human Behavior. New York: Springer; 1981.
30. Mapp AP, Ono H, Barbeito R. What does the dominant eye dominate? A brief and somewhat contentious review. Percept Psychophys. 2003;65(2):310-7. [DOI:10.3758/bf03194802]
31. Porac C, Coren S. Sighting dominance and utrocular discrimination. Percept Psychophys. 1986;39(6):449-51. [DOI:10.3758/bf03207075]
32. Moreno M, Capdevila L, Losilla JM. Could hand-eye laterality profiles affect sport performance? A systematic review. PeerJ. 2022;10:e14385. [DOI:10.7717/peerj.14385]
33. Meldrum D, Glennon A, Herdman S, Murray D, McConn-Walsh R. Virtual reality rehabilitation of balance: assessment of the usability of the Nintendo Wii(®) Fit Plus. Disabil Rehabil Assist Technol. 2012;7(3):205-10. [DOI:10.3109/17483107.2011.616922]
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How to Cite
1.
Barman A, Thomas P, Apoorva S. Otolith Function in Young Skilled Football Players. Aud Vestib Res. 2024;.
