Investigating the Subacute Effects of Two Vestibular Stimulation Methods and Their Combination on Spatial Memory in a Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
,
Abstract
Background and Aim: Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline and spatial memory deficits. Recent studies have suggested a potential link between the vestibular system and cognitive function. Despite advancements in understanding the role of vestibular stimulation in neurological disorders, there is a paucity of research on this subject. In this regard, this study aims to assess the subacute effects two vestibular stimulation methods and their combination on spatial memory in a rat model of AD.
Methods: Thirty Wistar rats were divided into five groups of AD (without intervention), Rotational Vestibular Stimulation (RVS), noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation (nGVS), nGVS+RVS, and healthy control. The intervention groups received stimulation for 14 days. After AD induction and its confirmation, to examine the sub-acute effects of the stimulation, their performance was assessed using the Morris Water Maze (MVM) test one month later.
Results: Statistically significant improvements were observed in the MVM test parameters in the RVS and nGVS+RVS groups compared to the AD group, in the training days and in the probe day, especially in the time to reach the platform and the time spent in the target quarter. Time spent in goal quarter improved in the RVS group compared to the nGVS+RVS group, but the difference was not statistically significant.
Conclusion: The RVS alone or in combination with nGVS can improve spatial memory of rats with AD.
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15. Wilkinson D, Zubko O, Sakel M, Coulton S, Higgins T, Pullicino P. Galvanic vestibular stimulation in hemi-spatial neglect. Front Integr Neurosci. 2014;8:4. [DOI:10.3389/fnint.2014.00004]
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17. Amirpour M, Mirshekar MA, Sedaghat G, Montazerifar F, Shourestani S, Arabmoazzen S, et al. The effects of green tea on cognitive impairments in the rat model of Alzheimer’s disease: protection against inflammatory and oxidative damage. Nutr Neurosci. 2022;25(12):2659-67. [DOI:10.1080/1028415X.2021.2003946]
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19. Nakamura J, Kita Y, Yuda T, Ikuno K, Okada Y, Shomoto K. Effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation combined with physical therapy on pusher behavior in stroke patients: a case series. NeuroRehabilitation. 2014;35(1):31-7. [DOI:10.3233/NRE-141094]
20. Shabani S, Mirshekar MA. Diosmin is neuroprotective in a rat model of scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;108:1376-1383. [DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.127]
21. Soheili Kashani M, Salami M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Talaei Zavareh SA. [Maze training improves learning in an Alzheimer model of rat]. Feyz Med Sci J. 2010;14(3):209-16. Persian.
22. Ansai JH, Andrade LP, Masse FAA, Gonçalves J, Takahashi ACM, Vale FAC, et al. Risk Factors for Falls in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer Disease. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2019;42(3):E116-21. [DOI:10.1519/JPT.0000000000000135]
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24. Dahlqvist P, Rönnbäck A, Bergström SA, Söderström I, Olsson T. Environmental enrichment reverses learning impairment in the Morris water maze after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Eur J Neurosci. 2004;19(8):2288-98. [DOI:10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03248.x]
25. Rabiei Z, Hojjati M, Rafieian-Kopaeia M, Alibabaei Z. Effect of Cyperus rotundus tubers ethanolic xtract on learning and memory in animal model of Alzheimer. Biomed. Aging Pathol. 2013;3(4):185-91. [DOI:10.1016/j.biomag.2013.08.006]
26. Sailesh KS, R A, K MJ. Controlled vestibular stimulation: a physiological method of stress relief. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(12):BM01-2. [DOI:10.7860/JCDR/2014/10312.5298]
27. Agrawal Y, Smith PF, Rosenberg PB. Vestibular impairment, cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease: balancing the evidence. Aging Ment Health. 2020;24(5):705-708. [DOI:10.1080/13607863.2019.1566813]
28. Holstein GR, Friedrich VL Jr, Martinelli GP, Ogorodnikov D, Yakushin SB, Cohen B. Fos expression in neurons of the rat vestibulo-autonomic pathway activated by sinusoidal galvanic vestibular stimulation. Front Neurol. 2012;3:4. [DOI:10.3389/fneur.2012.00004]
29. Fujimoto C, Kinoshita M, Kamogashira T, Egami N, Kawahara T, Uemura Y, et al. Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation has a greater ameliorating effect on posture in unstable subjects: a feasibility study. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):17189. [DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-53834-7]
30. Fujimoto C, Egami N, Kawahara T, Uemura Y, Yamamoto Y, Yamasoba T, et al. Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Sustainably Improves Posture in Bilateral Vestibulopathy. Front Neurol. 2018;9:900. [DOI:10.3389/fneur.2018.00900]
31. Azzam AM. Efficacy of Trans-Mastoidal Vestibular Galvanic Stimulation in Improvement of Gait Performance and Upright Postural Stability in Hemiplegic CP Children. Curr Appl Sci Technol. 2019;34(6):1-2.
32. Hassan FM, Abd-Elaziz A, Obaya HE, Fouad SA. The impact of galvanic vestibular stimulation on elderly balance. Eur J Mol Clin Med. 2021;8(3):1833-46.
2. Micarelli A, Viziano A, Della-Morte D, Augimeri I, Alessandrini M. Degree of Functional Impairment Associated With Vestibular Hypofunction Among Older Adults With Cognitive Decline. Otol Neurotol. 2018;39(5):e392-400. [DOI:10.1097/MAO.0000000000001746]
3. Navipour E, Neamatshahi M, Barabadi Z, Neamatshahi M, Keykhosravi A. Epidemiology and Risk Factors of Alzheimer’s Disease in Iran: A Systematic Review. Iran J Public Health. 2019;48(12):2133-9. [10.18502/ijph.v48i12.3544]
4. Cheron G, Leroy A, Cheron J, Ris L. Electrical Brain System Perspective for Alzheimer Disease Prevention and Therapy. J Alzheimers Dis Parkinsonism.2019;9(1):463. [DOI:10.4172/2161-0460.1000463]
5. Previc FH. Vestibular loss as a contributor to Alzheimer’s disease. Med Hypotheses. 2013;80(4):360-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.mehy.2012.12.023]
6. DeTure MA, Dickson DW. The neuropathological diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Mol Neurodegener. 2019;14(1):32. [DOI:10.1186/s13024-019-0333-5]
7. Harun A, Oh ES, Bigelow RT, Studenski S, Agrawal Y. Vestibular Impairment in Dementia. Otol Neurotol. 2016;37(8):1137-42. [DOI:10.1097/MAO.0000000000001157]
8. Kamil RJ, Bilgel M, Wong DF, Resnick SM, Agrawal Y. Vestibular Function and Beta-Amyloid Deposition in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Front Aging Neurosci. 2018;10:408. [DOI:10.3389/fnagi.2018.00408]
9. Devi NP, Mukkadan JK. Impact of Rotatory Vestibular Stimulation in Memory Boosting. MOJ Anat Physiol. 2017;4(4):00143. [DOI:10.15406/mojap.2017.04.00143]
10. Adel Ghahraman M, Zahmatkesh M, Pourbakht A, Seifi B, Jalaie S, Adeli S, et al. Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation enhances spatial memory in cognitive impairment-induced by intracerebroventricular-streptozotocin administration. Physiol Behav. 2016;157:217-24. [DOI:10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.02.021]
11. Bliss TV, Lomo T. Long-lasting potentiation of synaptic transmission in the dentate area of the anaesthetized rabbit following stimulation of the perforant path. J Physiol. 1973;232(2):331-56. [DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.1973.sp010273]
12. Craft S, Raman R, Chow TW, Rafii MS, Sun CK, Rissman RA, et al. Safety, Efficacy, and Feasibility of Intranasal Insulin for the Treatment of Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer Disease Dementia: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurol. 2020;77(9):1099-109. [DOI:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1840]
13. García-Morales V, González-Acedo A, Melguizo-Rodríguez L, Pardo-Moreno T, Costela-Ruiz VJ, Montiel-Troya M, et al. Current Understanding of the Physiopathology, Diagnosis and Therapeutic Approach to Alzheimer’s Disease. Biomedicines. 2021;9(12):1910. [DOI:10.3390/biomedicines9121910]
14. Lee JW, Lee GE, An JH, Yoon SW, Heo M, Kim HY. Effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation on visual memory recall and EEG. J Phys Ther Sci. 2014;26(9):1333-6. [DOI:10.1589/jpts.26.1333]
15. Wilkinson D, Zubko O, Sakel M, Coulton S, Higgins T, Pullicino P. Galvanic vestibular stimulation in hemi-spatial neglect. Front Integr Neurosci. 2014;8:4. [DOI:10.3389/fnint.2014.00004]
16. Tai SK, Leung LS. Vestibular stimulation enhances hippocampal long-term potentiation via activation of cholinergic septohippocampal cells. Behav Brain Res. 2012;232(1):174-82. [DOI:10.1016/j.bbr.2012.04.013]
17. Amirpour M, Mirshekar MA, Sedaghat G, Montazerifar F, Shourestani S, Arabmoazzen S, et al. The effects of green tea on cognitive impairments in the rat model of Alzheimer’s disease: protection against inflammatory and oxidative damage. Nutr Neurosci. 2022;25(12):2659-67. [DOI:10.1080/1028415X.2021.2003946]
18. Shaabani M, Lotfi Y, Karimian SM, Rahgozar M, Hooshmandi M. Short-term galvanic vestibular stimulation promotes functional recovery and neurogenesis in unilaterally labyrinthectomized rats. Brain Res. 2016;1648(Pt A):152-62. [DOI:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.07.029]
19. Nakamura J, Kita Y, Yuda T, Ikuno K, Okada Y, Shomoto K. Effects of galvanic vestibular stimulation combined with physical therapy on pusher behavior in stroke patients: a case series. NeuroRehabilitation. 2014;35(1):31-7. [DOI:10.3233/NRE-141094]
20. Shabani S, Mirshekar MA. Diosmin is neuroprotective in a rat model of scopolamine-induced cognitive impairment. Biomed Pharmacother. 2018;108:1376-1383. [DOI:10.1016/j.biopha.2018.09.127]
21. Soheili Kashani M, Salami M, Rezaei-Tavirani M, Talaei Zavareh SA. [Maze training improves learning in an Alzheimer model of rat]. Feyz Med Sci J. 2010;14(3):209-16. Persian.
22. Ansai JH, Andrade LP, Masse FAA, Gonçalves J, Takahashi ACM, Vale FAC, et al. Risk Factors for Falls in Older Adults With Mild Cognitive Impairment and Mild Alzheimer Disease. J Geriatr Phys Ther. 2019;42(3):E116-21. [DOI:10.1519/JPT.0000000000000135]
23. Zhu X, Moreira PI, Smith MA, Perry G. Alzheimer’s disease: an intracellular movement disorder? Trends Mol Med. 2005;11(9):391-3. [DOI:10.1016/j.molmed.2005.07.002]
24. Dahlqvist P, Rönnbäck A, Bergström SA, Söderström I, Olsson T. Environmental enrichment reverses learning impairment in the Morris water maze after focal cerebral ischemia in rats. Eur J Neurosci. 2004;19(8):2288-98. [DOI:10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03248.x]
25. Rabiei Z, Hojjati M, Rafieian-Kopaeia M, Alibabaei Z. Effect of Cyperus rotundus tubers ethanolic xtract on learning and memory in animal model of Alzheimer. Biomed. Aging Pathol. 2013;3(4):185-91. [DOI:10.1016/j.biomag.2013.08.006]
26. Sailesh KS, R A, K MJ. Controlled vestibular stimulation: a physiological method of stress relief. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(12):BM01-2. [DOI:10.7860/JCDR/2014/10312.5298]
27. Agrawal Y, Smith PF, Rosenberg PB. Vestibular impairment, cognitive decline and Alzheimer’s disease: balancing the evidence. Aging Ment Health. 2020;24(5):705-708. [DOI:10.1080/13607863.2019.1566813]
28. Holstein GR, Friedrich VL Jr, Martinelli GP, Ogorodnikov D, Yakushin SB, Cohen B. Fos expression in neurons of the rat vestibulo-autonomic pathway activated by sinusoidal galvanic vestibular stimulation. Front Neurol. 2012;3:4. [DOI:10.3389/fneur.2012.00004]
29. Fujimoto C, Kinoshita M, Kamogashira T, Egami N, Kawahara T, Uemura Y, et al. Noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation has a greater ameliorating effect on posture in unstable subjects: a feasibility study. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):17189. [DOI:10.1038/s41598-019-53834-7]
30. Fujimoto C, Egami N, Kawahara T, Uemura Y, Yamamoto Y, Yamasoba T, et al. Noisy Galvanic Vestibular Stimulation Sustainably Improves Posture in Bilateral Vestibulopathy. Front Neurol. 2018;9:900. [DOI:10.3389/fneur.2018.00900]
31. Azzam AM. Efficacy of Trans-Mastoidal Vestibular Galvanic Stimulation in Improvement of Gait Performance and Upright Postural Stability in Hemiplegic CP Children. Curr Appl Sci Technol. 2019;34(6):1-2.
32. Hassan FM, Abd-Elaziz A, Obaya HE, Fouad SA. The impact of galvanic vestibular stimulation on elderly balance. Eur J Mol Clin Med. 2021;8(3):1833-46.
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| Issue | Vol 33 No 4 (2024) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v33i4.16648 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Alzheimer’s disease vestibular stimualtion spatial memory rat rotational vestibular stimulation noisy galvanic vestibular stimulation | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Soufinia B, Lotfi Y, Mirshekar MA, Shaabani M, Bakhshi E. Investigating the Subacute Effects of Two Vestibular Stimulation Methods and Their Combination on Spatial Memory in a Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease. Aud Vestib Res. 2024;33(4):303-312.
