Correlation between Aural/Oral Performance and Fit-to-Target Gain among Children with Moderate-to-Profound Hearing Loss Aged 5–10 Years
,
Abstract
Background and Aim: Real-Ear Measurement (REM) enables proper fitting of the hearing aids to achieve the required level of amplification. This study aims to investigate the relationship between aural/oral performance and fit-to-target gain of hearing aids in children with moderate-to-profound hearing loss.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 30 children with moderate-to-profound hearing loss aged 5–10 years. First, the parents’ evaluation of aural/oral performance of children (PEACH) questioanire was completed. Then, REM was performed using digital speech at 50, 65, 80, and 90 dB SPL at 250–8000 Hz to obtain the fit to the desired sensation level, version 5 (DSL v5) target gain.
Results: A significant negative correlation was found between the total score of the PEACH (51.66) and the fit-to-target gain at high frequencies (r=–0.482, p=0.01). The maximum fit-to-target gain was 77.5 dB for 65 dB SPL at 6000 Hz. Most of the cases (75%) failed to come within ±5 dB of the target gain. There was a significant difference in the fit-to-target gain between low and high frequencies and between high frequencies with similar input levels.
Conclusion: A negative correlation between aural/oral performance of children with moderate-to-profound hearing loss and fit-to-target gain of their hearing aids may indicate that a low fit-to-target gain can improve their aural/oral performance. Regular use of REM is recommended in prescribing hearing aids to these children.
[1] Robinshaw HM. Early intervention for hearing impairment: Differences in the timing of communicative and linguistic development. Br J Audiol. 1995;29(6):315-34. [DOI:10.3109/03005369509076750]
[2] World Health Organization. WHO Global Estimate on Prevalence of Hearing Loss. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. Available from: http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/estimates.
[3] World Health Organization. Deafness and Hearing Loss. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/
[4] Chari DA, Chan DK. Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep. 2017;5(4):251-8. [DOI:10.1007/s40136-017-0163-3]
[5] Moeller MP. Early Intervention and Language Development in Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Pediatrics. 2000;106(3):e43. [DOI:10.1542/peds.106.3.e43]
[6] Finitzo T, Albright K, O’ Neal J. The Newborn with Hearing Loss: Detection in the Nursery. Pediatrics. 1998;102(06):1452-60. [DOI:10.1542/peds.102.6.1452]
[7] Kennedy CR, McCann DC, Campbell MJ, Law CM, Mullee M, Petrou S, et al. Language Ability after Early Detection of Permanent Childhood Hearing Impairment. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(20):2131-41. [DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa054915]
[8] Scollie S, Seewald R, Cornelisse L, Moodie S, Bagatto M, Laurnagaray D, et al. The Desired Sensation Level multistage input/output algorithm. Trends Amplif. 2005;9(4):159-97. [DOI:10.1177/108471380500900403]
[9] Byrne D, Dillon H, Ching T, Katsch R, Keidser G. NAL-NL1 procedure for fitting nonlinear hearing aids: characteristics and comparisons with other procedures. J Am Acad Audiol. 2001;12(1):37-51. [DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1741117]
[10] Aazh H, Moore BCJ. The Value of Routine Real Ear Measurement of the Gain of Digital Hearing Aids. J Am Acad Audiol. 2007;18(08):653-64. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.18.8.3]
[11] Hawkins DB, Cook JA. Hearing aid software predictive gain values How accurate are they? Hear J. 2003;56(7):26,28,32,34. [DOI:10.1097/01.HJ.0000292552.60032.8b]
[12] American Academy of Audiology. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pediatric Amplification. Reston: American Academy of Audiology; 2013.
[13] Keidser G, Dillon H, Flax M, Ching T, Brewer S. The NALNL2 Prescription Procedure. Audiol Res. 2011;1(1):e24. [DOI:10.4081/audiores.2011.e24]
[14] Baumfield A, Dillon H. Factors affecting the use and perceived benefit of ITE and BTE hearing aids. Br J Audiol. 2001;35(4):247-58. [DOI:10.1080/00305364.2001.11745243]
[15] Kirkwood DH. Survey finds most dispensers bullish, but not on over-the-counter devices. Hear J. 2004;57(3):19-20,24-26,28,30. [DOI:10.1097/01.HJ.0000292370.19215.93]
[16] Arlinger SD. How to assess outcome of hearing aid fitting in children. Scandinavian Audiology. 2001;30(2):68-72. [DOI:10.1080/010503901750166709]
[17] Kochkin S. MarkeTrak VIII: Reducing patient visits through verification and validation. Hear Rev. 2011;18(6):10-2.
[18] Leavitt R, Flexer C. The importance of audibility in successful amplification of hearing loss. Hear Rev. 2012;19(13):20-3.
[19] Kirkwood DH. Survey: Dispensers fitted more hearing aids in 2005 at higher prices. Hear J. 2006;59(4):40. [DOI:10.1097/01.HJ.0000286695.28587.f5]
[20] Hostler ME. A’Goodness of Fit calculator’. BSA News. 2004;43.
[21] Sanders J, Stoody T, Weber J, Mueller HG. Manufacturers’ NALNL2 fittings fail real-ear verification. Hear Rev. 2015;21(3):24-32.
[22] Munro KJ, Puri R, Bird J, Smith M. Using probe-microphone measurements to improve the match to target gain and frequency response slope, as a function of earmould style, frequency, and input level. Int J Audiol. 2016;55(4):215-23. [DOI:10.3109/14992027.2015.1104736]
[23] Seewald RC, Ross M, Spiro MK. Selecting Amplification Characteristics for Young Hearing-Impaired Children. Ear Hear. 1985;6(1):48-53.
[24] Allum JHJ, Greisiger R, Straubhaar S, Carpenter MG. Auditory Perception and Speech Identification in Children with Cochlear Implants Tested with the EARS Protocol. Br J Audiol. 2000;34(5):293-303. [DOI:10.3109/03005364000000141]
[25] Young NM, Grohne KM. Comparison of Pediatric Clarion Recipients with and Without the Electrode Positioner. Otol Neurotol. 2001;22(2):195-9.
[26] Naghibirad F, Fatahi J, Hajiabolhassan F, Faghihzadeh E, Emamdjomeh H. Cultural adaptation and determination of validity and reliability of the Persian version of the parents’ evaluation of aural/oral performance of children questionnaire. Aud Vestib Res. 2016;25(2):111-8.
[27] Ching TY, Hill M. The Parents’ Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH) scale: normative data. J Am Acad Audiol. 2007;18(3):220-35. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.18.3.4]
[28] Ching TY, Hill M, Dillon H. Effect of variations in hearingaid frequency response on real-life functional performance of children with severe or profound hearing loss. Int J Audiol. 2008;47(8):461-75. [DOI:10.1080/14992020802116128]
[29] McCreery RW, Brennan M, Walker EA, Spratford M. Perceptual Implications of Level- and Frequency-Specific Deviations from Hearing Aid Prescription in Children. J Am Acad Audiol. 2017;28(9):861-75. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.17014]
[30] ASHA Ad Hoc Committee on Hearing Aid Selection and Fitting. Guidelines for Hearing Aid Fitting for Adults. Am J Audiol. 1998;7(1):5-13. [DOI:10.1044/1059-0889.0701.05]
[31] McCreery RW, Bentler RA, Roush PA. Characteristics of hearing aid fittings in infants and young children. Ear Hear. 2013;34(6):701-10. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0b013e31828f1033]
[32] Ching TY, Quar TK, Johnson EE, Newall P, Sharma M. Comparing NAL-NL1 and DSL v5 in Hearing Aids Fit to Children with Severe or Profound Hearing Loss: Goodness of Fit-to-Targets, Impacts on Predicted Loudness and Speech Intelligibility. J Am Acad Audiol. 2015;26(3):260-74. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.26.3.6]
[33] Quar TK, Umat C, Chew YY. The Effects of Manufacturer’s Prefit and Real-Ear Fitting on the Predicted Speech Perception of Children with Severe to Profound Hearing Loss. J Am Acad Audiol. 2019;30(5):346-56. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.16150]
[34] Folkeard P, Bagatto M, Scollie S. Evaluation of Hearing Aid Manufacturers’ Software-Derived Fittings to DSL v5.0 Pediatric Targets. J Am Acad Audiol. 2020;31(5):354-62. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.19057]
[35] Libby ER. Measures to Verify Achievement of Desired Real-Ear Gain in Adults. Semin Hear. 1991;12(1):42-52. [DOI:10.1055/s-0028-1090015]
[36] Bagatto M, Moodie S, Brown C, Malandrino A, Richert F, Clench D, et al. Prescribing and Verifying Hearing Aids Applying the American Academy of Audiology Pediatric Amplification Guideline: Protocols and Outcomes from the Ontario Infant Hearing Program. J Am Acad Audiol. 2016;27(3):188-203. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.15051]
[37] Golding M, Pearce W, Seymour J, Cooper A, Ching T, Dillon H. The relationship between obligatory cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) and functional measures in young infants. J Am Acad Audiol. 2007;18(2):117-25. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.18.2.4]
[38] Abrams HB, Chisolm TH, McManus M, McArdle R. Initial-fit approach versus verified prescription: comparing self-perceived hearing aid benefit. J Am Acad Audiol. 2012;23(10):768-78. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.23.10.3]
[39] Yoshinaga-Itano C, Baca RL, Sedey AL. Describing the trajectory of language development in the presence of severe to-profound hearing loss: a closer look at children with cochlear implants versus hearing aids. Otol Neurotol. 2010;31(8):1268-74. [DOI:10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181f1ce07]
[40] Pungello EP, Iruka IU, Dotterer AM, Mills-Koonce R, Reznick JS. The effects of socioeconomic status, race, and parenting on language development in early childhood. Dev Psychol. 2009;45(2):544-57. [DOI:10.1037/a0013917]
[41] Quar TK, Ching TY, Mukari SZ, Newall P. Parents’ evaluation of aural/oral performance of children (PEACH) scale in the Malay language: data for normal-hearing children. Int J Audiol. 2012;51(4):326-33. [DOI:10.3109/14992027.2011.637079]
[42] Hawkins D. Reliability of three types of probe tube microphone measurements. Hearing Instruments. 1991;42:12-6.
[43] Swan IR, Gatehouse S. The value of routine in-the-ear measurement of hearing aid gain. Br J Audiol. 1995;29(5):271-7. [DOI:10.3109/03005369509076742]
[44] Byrne D. Key issues in hearing aid selection and evaluation. J Am Acad Audiol. 1992;3(2):67-80.
[45] Ching TY, Dillon H, Katsch R, Byrne D. Maximizing effective audibility in hearing aid fitting. Ear Hear. 2001;22(3):212-24. [DOI:10.1097/00003446-200106000-00005]
[2] World Health Organization. WHO Global Estimate on Prevalence of Hearing Loss. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2012. Available from: http://www.who.int/pbd/deafness/estimates.
[3] World Health Organization. Deafness and Hearing Loss. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2018. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs300/en/
[4] Chari DA, Chan DK. Diagnosis and Treatment of Congenital Sensorineural Hearing Loss. Curr Otorhinolaryngol Rep. 2017;5(4):251-8. [DOI:10.1007/s40136-017-0163-3]
[5] Moeller MP. Early Intervention and Language Development in Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing. Pediatrics. 2000;106(3):e43. [DOI:10.1542/peds.106.3.e43]
[6] Finitzo T, Albright K, O’ Neal J. The Newborn with Hearing Loss: Detection in the Nursery. Pediatrics. 1998;102(06):1452-60. [DOI:10.1542/peds.102.6.1452]
[7] Kennedy CR, McCann DC, Campbell MJ, Law CM, Mullee M, Petrou S, et al. Language Ability after Early Detection of Permanent Childhood Hearing Impairment. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(20):2131-41. [DOI:10.1056/NEJMoa054915]
[8] Scollie S, Seewald R, Cornelisse L, Moodie S, Bagatto M, Laurnagaray D, et al. The Desired Sensation Level multistage input/output algorithm. Trends Amplif. 2005;9(4):159-97. [DOI:10.1177/108471380500900403]
[9] Byrne D, Dillon H, Ching T, Katsch R, Keidser G. NAL-NL1 procedure for fitting nonlinear hearing aids: characteristics and comparisons with other procedures. J Am Acad Audiol. 2001;12(1):37-51. [DOI:10.1055/s-0041-1741117]
[10] Aazh H, Moore BCJ. The Value of Routine Real Ear Measurement of the Gain of Digital Hearing Aids. J Am Acad Audiol. 2007;18(08):653-64. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.18.8.3]
[11] Hawkins DB, Cook JA. Hearing aid software predictive gain values How accurate are they? Hear J. 2003;56(7):26,28,32,34. [DOI:10.1097/01.HJ.0000292552.60032.8b]
[12] American Academy of Audiology. Clinical Practice Guidelines: Pediatric Amplification. Reston: American Academy of Audiology; 2013.
[13] Keidser G, Dillon H, Flax M, Ching T, Brewer S. The NALNL2 Prescription Procedure. Audiol Res. 2011;1(1):e24. [DOI:10.4081/audiores.2011.e24]
[14] Baumfield A, Dillon H. Factors affecting the use and perceived benefit of ITE and BTE hearing aids. Br J Audiol. 2001;35(4):247-58. [DOI:10.1080/00305364.2001.11745243]
[15] Kirkwood DH. Survey finds most dispensers bullish, but not on over-the-counter devices. Hear J. 2004;57(3):19-20,24-26,28,30. [DOI:10.1097/01.HJ.0000292370.19215.93]
[16] Arlinger SD. How to assess outcome of hearing aid fitting in children. Scandinavian Audiology. 2001;30(2):68-72. [DOI:10.1080/010503901750166709]
[17] Kochkin S. MarkeTrak VIII: Reducing patient visits through verification and validation. Hear Rev. 2011;18(6):10-2.
[18] Leavitt R, Flexer C. The importance of audibility in successful amplification of hearing loss. Hear Rev. 2012;19(13):20-3.
[19] Kirkwood DH. Survey: Dispensers fitted more hearing aids in 2005 at higher prices. Hear J. 2006;59(4):40. [DOI:10.1097/01.HJ.0000286695.28587.f5]
[20] Hostler ME. A’Goodness of Fit calculator’. BSA News. 2004;43.
[21] Sanders J, Stoody T, Weber J, Mueller HG. Manufacturers’ NALNL2 fittings fail real-ear verification. Hear Rev. 2015;21(3):24-32.
[22] Munro KJ, Puri R, Bird J, Smith M. Using probe-microphone measurements to improve the match to target gain and frequency response slope, as a function of earmould style, frequency, and input level. Int J Audiol. 2016;55(4):215-23. [DOI:10.3109/14992027.2015.1104736]
[23] Seewald RC, Ross M, Spiro MK. Selecting Amplification Characteristics for Young Hearing-Impaired Children. Ear Hear. 1985;6(1):48-53.
[24] Allum JHJ, Greisiger R, Straubhaar S, Carpenter MG. Auditory Perception and Speech Identification in Children with Cochlear Implants Tested with the EARS Protocol. Br J Audiol. 2000;34(5):293-303. [DOI:10.3109/03005364000000141]
[25] Young NM, Grohne KM. Comparison of Pediatric Clarion Recipients with and Without the Electrode Positioner. Otol Neurotol. 2001;22(2):195-9.
[26] Naghibirad F, Fatahi J, Hajiabolhassan F, Faghihzadeh E, Emamdjomeh H. Cultural adaptation and determination of validity and reliability of the Persian version of the parents’ evaluation of aural/oral performance of children questionnaire. Aud Vestib Res. 2016;25(2):111-8.
[27] Ching TY, Hill M. The Parents’ Evaluation of Aural/Oral Performance of Children (PEACH) scale: normative data. J Am Acad Audiol. 2007;18(3):220-35. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.18.3.4]
[28] Ching TY, Hill M, Dillon H. Effect of variations in hearingaid frequency response on real-life functional performance of children with severe or profound hearing loss. Int J Audiol. 2008;47(8):461-75. [DOI:10.1080/14992020802116128]
[29] McCreery RW, Brennan M, Walker EA, Spratford M. Perceptual Implications of Level- and Frequency-Specific Deviations from Hearing Aid Prescription in Children. J Am Acad Audiol. 2017;28(9):861-75. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.17014]
[30] ASHA Ad Hoc Committee on Hearing Aid Selection and Fitting. Guidelines for Hearing Aid Fitting for Adults. Am J Audiol. 1998;7(1):5-13. [DOI:10.1044/1059-0889.0701.05]
[31] McCreery RW, Bentler RA, Roush PA. Characteristics of hearing aid fittings in infants and young children. Ear Hear. 2013;34(6):701-10. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0b013e31828f1033]
[32] Ching TY, Quar TK, Johnson EE, Newall P, Sharma M. Comparing NAL-NL1 and DSL v5 in Hearing Aids Fit to Children with Severe or Profound Hearing Loss: Goodness of Fit-to-Targets, Impacts on Predicted Loudness and Speech Intelligibility. J Am Acad Audiol. 2015;26(3):260-74. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.26.3.6]
[33] Quar TK, Umat C, Chew YY. The Effects of Manufacturer’s Prefit and Real-Ear Fitting on the Predicted Speech Perception of Children with Severe to Profound Hearing Loss. J Am Acad Audiol. 2019;30(5):346-56. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.16150]
[34] Folkeard P, Bagatto M, Scollie S. Evaluation of Hearing Aid Manufacturers’ Software-Derived Fittings to DSL v5.0 Pediatric Targets. J Am Acad Audiol. 2020;31(5):354-62. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.19057]
[35] Libby ER. Measures to Verify Achievement of Desired Real-Ear Gain in Adults. Semin Hear. 1991;12(1):42-52. [DOI:10.1055/s-0028-1090015]
[36] Bagatto M, Moodie S, Brown C, Malandrino A, Richert F, Clench D, et al. Prescribing and Verifying Hearing Aids Applying the American Academy of Audiology Pediatric Amplification Guideline: Protocols and Outcomes from the Ontario Infant Hearing Program. J Am Acad Audiol. 2016;27(3):188-203. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.15051]
[37] Golding M, Pearce W, Seymour J, Cooper A, Ching T, Dillon H. The relationship between obligatory cortical auditory evoked potentials (CAEPs) and functional measures in young infants. J Am Acad Audiol. 2007;18(2):117-25. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.18.2.4]
[38] Abrams HB, Chisolm TH, McManus M, McArdle R. Initial-fit approach versus verified prescription: comparing self-perceived hearing aid benefit. J Am Acad Audiol. 2012;23(10):768-78. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.23.10.3]
[39] Yoshinaga-Itano C, Baca RL, Sedey AL. Describing the trajectory of language development in the presence of severe to-profound hearing loss: a closer look at children with cochlear implants versus hearing aids. Otol Neurotol. 2010;31(8):1268-74. [DOI:10.1097/MAO.0b013e3181f1ce07]
[40] Pungello EP, Iruka IU, Dotterer AM, Mills-Koonce R, Reznick JS. The effects of socioeconomic status, race, and parenting on language development in early childhood. Dev Psychol. 2009;45(2):544-57. [DOI:10.1037/a0013917]
[41] Quar TK, Ching TY, Mukari SZ, Newall P. Parents’ evaluation of aural/oral performance of children (PEACH) scale in the Malay language: data for normal-hearing children. Int J Audiol. 2012;51(4):326-33. [DOI:10.3109/14992027.2011.637079]
[42] Hawkins D. Reliability of three types of probe tube microphone measurements. Hearing Instruments. 1991;42:12-6.
[43] Swan IR, Gatehouse S. The value of routine in-the-ear measurement of hearing aid gain. Br J Audiol. 1995;29(5):271-7. [DOI:10.3109/03005369509076742]
[44] Byrne D. Key issues in hearing aid selection and evaluation. J Am Acad Audiol. 1992;3(2):67-80.
[45] Ching TY, Dillon H, Katsch R, Byrne D. Maximizing effective audibility in hearing aid fitting. Ear Hear. 2001;22(3):212-24. [DOI:10.1097/00003446-200106000-00005]
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 32 No 4 (2023) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i4.13594 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Children fit to target gain hearing loss aural/oral performance | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Reyhani Y, Fatahi F, Tavanai E, Jalilvand H, Jalaie S. Correlation between Aural/Oral Performance and Fit-to-Target Gain among Children with Moderate-to-Profound Hearing Loss Aged 5–10 Years. Aud Vestib Res. 2023;32(4):302-313.
