Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Persian Version of Hearing Handicap Questionnaire for the Elderly
,
Abstract
Background and Aim: Hearing handicap, as one of the common health problems among older people, affects life activities. The Hearing Handicap Questionnaire (HHQ) is one of the scales that provide criteria for social withdrawal, participation restriction, and emotional distress. The present study aims to translate the HHQ into Persian and determine its psychometric properties.
Methods: After translation into Persian, the content validity of the questionnaire was determined based on the Lawashe’s method. Then, the Persian HHQ (P-HHQ) and the Persian Hearing Handicap Inventory for Elderly-Screening version (P-HHIE-S) were completed by 110 hearing-impaired seniors (49 females) over 60 years. The concurrent validity was determined by Spearman correlation test, and the discriminant validity was analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test and independent t-test. The test-retest reliability was assessed in 47 subjects after two weeks by Spearman correlation test and paired t-test.
Results: The P-HHQ had high face validity. The mean total score of P-HHQ was 1.89±1.05. It had a significant positive correlation with the score of P-HHIE-S (r=0.87) and pure tone average of the better ear (r=0.72). There was a significant difference between three groups of elderly with different degrees of hearing impairment (p<0.001). Cronbach’s α values were in the range of 0.94–0.97. There was a strong correlation between test and retest scores of P-HHQ (r=0.97) which indicates a high test-retest reliability.
Conclusion: The P-HHQ has acceptable validity and reliability and can be used as a suitable instrument to evaluate hearing handicap of the elderly in research studies and clinical settings.
[1] Sindhusake D, Mitchell P, Smith W, Golding M, Newall P, Hartley D, et al. Validation of self-reported hearing loss. The Blue Mountains Hearing Study. Int J Epidemiol. 2001;30(6):1371-8. [DOI:10.1093/ije/30.6.1371]
[2] Ciorba A, Bianchini C, Pelucchi S, Pastore A. The impact of hearing loss on the quality of life of elderly adults. Clin Interv Aging. 2012;7:159-63. [DOI:10.2147/CIA.S26059]
[3] World Health Organization. International classification of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps: a manual of classification relating to the consequences of disease, published in accordance with resolution WHA29.35 of the Twenty-ninth World Health Assembly, May 1976. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1980. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/41003
[4] World Health Organization. International classification of functioning, disability and health: ICF. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42407
[5] Heidari F, Adel Ghahraman M, Tavanai E, Jalaie S, Zamiri Abdollahi F. Self-assessed hearing handicap in the elderly: a pilot study on Iranian population. Aud Vestib Res. 2021;30(1):33-41. [DOI:10.18502/avr.v30i1.5309]
[6] Chang HP, Ho CY, Chou P. The factors associated with a selfperceived hearing handicap in elderly people with hearing impairment--results from a community-based study. Ear Hear. 2009;30(5):576-83. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181ac127a]
[7] Demeester K, Topsakal V, Hendrickx JJ, Fransen E, van Laer L, Van Camp G, et al. Hearing disability measured by the speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale in clinically normal-hearing and hearing-impaired middle-aged persons, and disability screening by means of a reduced SSQ (the SSQ5). Ear Hear. 2012;33(5):615-6. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0b013e31824e0ba7]
[8] Gates GA, Murphy M, Rees TS, Fraher A. Screening for handicapping hearing loss in the elderly. J Fam Pract. 2003;52(1):56-62.
[9] Gates GA, Mills JH. Presbycusis. Lancet. 2005;366(9491):1111-20. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67423-5]
[10] Said EA. Health-related quality of life in elderly hearing aid users vs. non-users. Egypt J Ear Nose Throat Allied Sci. 2017;18(3):271-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.ejenta.2017.11.006]
[11] Veiga SM, Alexandre J, Esteves F. Living with hearing loss: psychosocial impact and the role of social support. J Otolaryngol ENT Res. 2015;2(5):00036. [DOI:10.15406/joentr.2015.02.00036]
[12] Degeest S, Keppler H, Corthals P. The Effect of Age on Listening Effort. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2015;58(5):1592-600. [DOI:10.1044/2015_JSLHR-H-14-0288]
[13] Martin JS, Jerger JF. Some effects of aging on central auditory processing. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2005;42(4 Suppl 2):25-44. [DOI:10.1682/jrrd.2004.12.0164]
[14] Thammaiah S, Manchaiah V, Easwar V, Krishna R, McPherson B. Psychometric properties of the hearing handicap questionnaire: a Kannada (South-Indian) translation. Int J Audiol. 2017;56(3):194-201. [DOI:10.1080/14992027.2016.1247500]
[15] Ewertsen HW, Birk-Nielsen H. Social hearing handicap index. Social handicap in relation to hearing impairment. Audiology. 1973;12(3):180-7.
[16] Ventry IM, Weinstein BE. The hearing handicap inventory for the elderly: a new tool. Ear Hear. 1982;3(3):128-34. [DOI:10.1097/00003446-198205000-00006]
[17] Ventry IM, Weinstein BE. Identification of elderly people with hearing problems. ASHA. 1983;25(7):37-42.
[18] Giolas TG, Owens E, Lamb SH, Schubert ED. Hearing performance inventory. J Speech Hear Disord. 1979;44(2):169-95. [DOI:10.1044/jshd.4402.169]
[19] Gatehouse S, Noble W. The Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ). Int J Audiol. 2004;43(2):85-99. [DOI:10.1080/14992020400050014]
[20] Noble W, Tyler R, Dunn C, Bhullar N. Hearing handicap ratings among different profiles of adult cochlear implant users. Ear Hear. 2008;29(1):112-20. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0b013e31815d6da8]
[21] Cruickshanks KJ, Wiley TL, Tweed TS, Klein BE, Klein R, Mares-Perlman JA, et al. Prevalence of hearing loss in older adults in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;148(9):879-86. [DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009713]
[22] Aaronson NK, Acquadro C, Alonso J, Apolone G, Bucquet D, Bullinger M, et al. International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) Project. Qual Life Res. 1992;1(5):349-51. [DOI:10.1007/BF00434949]
[23] Johnson E. Face Validity. In: Volkmar FR, editor. Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders. New York, NY: Springer New York; 2013. p. 1226-7.
[24] Tomioka K, Ikeda H, Hanaie K, Morikawa M, Iwamoto J, Okamoto N, et al. The Hearing Handicap Inventory for Elderly-Screening (HHIE-S) versus a single question: reliability, validity, and relations with quality of life measures in the elderly community, Japan. Qual Life Res. 2013;22(5):1151-9. [DOI:10.1007/s11136-012-0235-2]
[25] Weinstein BE, Rasheedy D, Taha HM, Fatouh FN. Cross-cultural adaptation of an Arabic version of the 10-item hearing handicap
inventory. Int J Audiol. 2015;54(5):341-6. [DOI:10.3109/14992027.2014.996827]
[26] de Paiva SM, Simões J, Paiva A, Newman C, Castro E Sousa F, Bébéar JP. Validity and Reliability of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Elderly: Version Adapted for Use on the Portuguese Population. J Am Acad Audiol. 2016;27(8):677-82. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.15146]
[27] Purnami N, Mulyaningsih EF, Ahadiah TH, Utomo B, Smith A. Score of Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE) Compared to Whisper Test on Presbycusis. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022;74(Suppl 1):311-5. [DOI:10.1007/s12070-020-01997-5]
[28] Wiley TL, Cruickshanks KJ, Nondahl DM, Tweed TS. Self-reported hearing handicap and audiometric measures in older adults. J Am Acad Audiol. 2000;11(2):67-75. [DOI:10.1055/s-0042-1748012]
[29] Tavakol M, Dennick R. Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. Int J Med Educ. 2011;2:53-5. [DOI:10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd]
[30] Öberg M. Validation of the Swedish Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (Screening Version) and Evaluation of Its Effect in Hearing Aid Rehabilitation. Trends Hear. 2016;20:2331216516639234. [DOI:10.1177/2331216516639234]
[2] Ciorba A, Bianchini C, Pelucchi S, Pastore A. The impact of hearing loss on the quality of life of elderly adults. Clin Interv Aging. 2012;7:159-63. [DOI:10.2147/CIA.S26059]
[3] World Health Organization. International classification of impairments, disabilities, and handicaps: a manual of classification relating to the consequences of disease, published in accordance with resolution WHA29.35 of the Twenty-ninth World Health Assembly, May 1976. Geneva: World Health Organization; 1980. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/41003
[4] World Health Organization. International classification of functioning, disability and health: ICF. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2001. Available from: https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/42407
[5] Heidari F, Adel Ghahraman M, Tavanai E, Jalaie S, Zamiri Abdollahi F. Self-assessed hearing handicap in the elderly: a pilot study on Iranian population. Aud Vestib Res. 2021;30(1):33-41. [DOI:10.18502/avr.v30i1.5309]
[6] Chang HP, Ho CY, Chou P. The factors associated with a selfperceived hearing handicap in elderly people with hearing impairment--results from a community-based study. Ear Hear. 2009;30(5):576-83. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0b013e3181ac127a]
[7] Demeester K, Topsakal V, Hendrickx JJ, Fransen E, van Laer L, Van Camp G, et al. Hearing disability measured by the speech, spatial, and qualities of hearing scale in clinically normal-hearing and hearing-impaired middle-aged persons, and disability screening by means of a reduced SSQ (the SSQ5). Ear Hear. 2012;33(5):615-6. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0b013e31824e0ba7]
[8] Gates GA, Murphy M, Rees TS, Fraher A. Screening for handicapping hearing loss in the elderly. J Fam Pract. 2003;52(1):56-62.
[9] Gates GA, Mills JH. Presbycusis. Lancet. 2005;366(9491):1111-20. [DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67423-5]
[10] Said EA. Health-related quality of life in elderly hearing aid users vs. non-users. Egypt J Ear Nose Throat Allied Sci. 2017;18(3):271-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.ejenta.2017.11.006]
[11] Veiga SM, Alexandre J, Esteves F. Living with hearing loss: psychosocial impact and the role of social support. J Otolaryngol ENT Res. 2015;2(5):00036. [DOI:10.15406/joentr.2015.02.00036]
[12] Degeest S, Keppler H, Corthals P. The Effect of Age on Listening Effort. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2015;58(5):1592-600. [DOI:10.1044/2015_JSLHR-H-14-0288]
[13] Martin JS, Jerger JF. Some effects of aging on central auditory processing. J Rehabil Res Dev. 2005;42(4 Suppl 2):25-44. [DOI:10.1682/jrrd.2004.12.0164]
[14] Thammaiah S, Manchaiah V, Easwar V, Krishna R, McPherson B. Psychometric properties of the hearing handicap questionnaire: a Kannada (South-Indian) translation. Int J Audiol. 2017;56(3):194-201. [DOI:10.1080/14992027.2016.1247500]
[15] Ewertsen HW, Birk-Nielsen H. Social hearing handicap index. Social handicap in relation to hearing impairment. Audiology. 1973;12(3):180-7.
[16] Ventry IM, Weinstein BE. The hearing handicap inventory for the elderly: a new tool. Ear Hear. 1982;3(3):128-34. [DOI:10.1097/00003446-198205000-00006]
[17] Ventry IM, Weinstein BE. Identification of elderly people with hearing problems. ASHA. 1983;25(7):37-42.
[18] Giolas TG, Owens E, Lamb SH, Schubert ED. Hearing performance inventory. J Speech Hear Disord. 1979;44(2):169-95. [DOI:10.1044/jshd.4402.169]
[19] Gatehouse S, Noble W. The Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ). Int J Audiol. 2004;43(2):85-99. [DOI:10.1080/14992020400050014]
[20] Noble W, Tyler R, Dunn C, Bhullar N. Hearing handicap ratings among different profiles of adult cochlear implant users. Ear Hear. 2008;29(1):112-20. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0b013e31815d6da8]
[21] Cruickshanks KJ, Wiley TL, Tweed TS, Klein BE, Klein R, Mares-Perlman JA, et al. Prevalence of hearing loss in older adults in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin. The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1998;148(9):879-86. [DOI:10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009713]
[22] Aaronson NK, Acquadro C, Alonso J, Apolone G, Bucquet D, Bullinger M, et al. International Quality of Life Assessment (IQOLA) Project. Qual Life Res. 1992;1(5):349-51. [DOI:10.1007/BF00434949]
[23] Johnson E. Face Validity. In: Volkmar FR, editor. Encyclopedia of Autism Spectrum Disorders. New York, NY: Springer New York; 2013. p. 1226-7.
[24] Tomioka K, Ikeda H, Hanaie K, Morikawa M, Iwamoto J, Okamoto N, et al. The Hearing Handicap Inventory for Elderly-Screening (HHIE-S) versus a single question: reliability, validity, and relations with quality of life measures in the elderly community, Japan. Qual Life Res. 2013;22(5):1151-9. [DOI:10.1007/s11136-012-0235-2]
[25] Weinstein BE, Rasheedy D, Taha HM, Fatouh FN. Cross-cultural adaptation of an Arabic version of the 10-item hearing handicap
inventory. Int J Audiol. 2015;54(5):341-6. [DOI:10.3109/14992027.2014.996827]
[26] de Paiva SM, Simões J, Paiva A, Newman C, Castro E Sousa F, Bébéar JP. Validity and Reliability of the Hearing Handicap Inventory for Elderly: Version Adapted for Use on the Portuguese Population. J Am Acad Audiol. 2016;27(8):677-82. [DOI:10.3766/jaaa.15146]
[27] Purnami N, Mulyaningsih EF, Ahadiah TH, Utomo B, Smith A. Score of Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (HHIE) Compared to Whisper Test on Presbycusis. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2022;74(Suppl 1):311-5. [DOI:10.1007/s12070-020-01997-5]
[28] Wiley TL, Cruickshanks KJ, Nondahl DM, Tweed TS. Self-reported hearing handicap and audiometric measures in older adults. J Am Acad Audiol. 2000;11(2):67-75. [DOI:10.1055/s-0042-1748012]
[29] Tavakol M, Dennick R. Making sense of Cronbach’s alpha. Int J Med Educ. 2011;2:53-5. [DOI:10.5116/ijme.4dfb.8dfd]
[30] Öberg M. Validation of the Swedish Hearing Handicap Inventory for the Elderly (Screening Version) and Evaluation of Its Effect in Hearing Aid Rehabilitation. Trends Hear. 2016;20:2331216516639234. [DOI:10.1177/2331216516639234]
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 33 No 1 (2024) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v33i1.14267 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Elderly handicap hearing handicap questionnaire presbycusis self-report | ||
| Rights and permissions | |
|
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
How to Cite
1.
Azadi F, Fatahi F, Farahani S, Jalaie S, Nazeri AR. Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Evaluation of the Persian Version of Hearing Handicap Questionnaire for the Elderly. Aud Vestib Res. 2023;33(1):1-9.
