Effect of Sand Play Therapy on Aggression and Emotional Adjustment of Children with Hearing Impairment
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Abstract
Background and Aim: Sand Play Therapy (SPT) is a psychotherapy and nonverbal method used for people with trauma, disabilities, and distress. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of SPT on aggression and emotional adjustment of children with a hearing impairment aged 5–7 years.
Methods: In this quasi-experiment study with a pretest-posttest design and a control group, 30 children aged 5–7 years with hearing impairment participated. They were randomly assigned into two groups: control and experimental. The research instruments were Sinha and Singh adjustment questionnaire and the Shahim aggression questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed using multivariate covariance analysis.
Results: There were statistically significant differences (score decrease) between the two study groups after the SPT in terms of aggression (p<0.05) and the emotional adjustment of children (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The results showed that SPT could decrease aggression and improve emotional adjustment in children with hearing loss. This method can be used to rehabilitate these children.
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[13] Nemati A, Demehri F, Saeidmanesh M. Effect of Psychodrama on Communication Skills of Adolescents with Hearing Loss. Aud Vestib Res. 2022;31(2):92-7. [DOI:10.18502/avr.v31i2.9113]
[14] Roesler C. Sandplay therapy: An overview of theory, applications and evidence base. Arts Psychother. 2019;64:84-94. [DOI:10.1016/j.aip.2019.04.001]
[15] Zoja EP. Sandplay Therapy in Vulnerable Communities: A Jungian Approach. 1st ed. London: Routledge; 2011. [DOI:10.4324/9780203817957]
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[18] Foo M, Freedle LR, Sani R, Fonda G. The effect of sand play therapy on the thalamus in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A case report. Int J Play Ther. 2020;29(4):191. [DOI:10.1037/pla0000137]
[19] Kalff DM. Sandplay: A Psychotherapeutic Approach to the Psyche. Cloverdale, CA: Temenos Press; 2003.
[20] Shahim S. Relational Aggression in Preschool Children. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2007;13(3):264-71.
[21] Tamannaeifar M, Leis H. [The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence, Self-Efficancy, Social Support and Adjustment in Students]. Journal of Modern Psychological Researches. 2015;10(39):25-52. Persian.
[22] Zolmajd A, Borjali A, Arian K. [Impact of Sand Play Therapy on Reduction of Aggressive Behaviors]. Journal of Exceptional Children. 2007;7(2):155-68. Persian.
[23] Pearson M, Wilson H. Sandplay Therapy: A Safe, Creative Space for Trauma Recovery. Australian Counselling Research Journal. 2019;13(1):20-4.
[24] Babaroglu A. Aggression Behaviors in Children with and without Hearing Impairment. Int J Psychol Stud. 2016;8(2):14-27. [DOI:10.5539/ijps.v8n2p14]
[25] Weinrib EL. Images of the Self: The Sandplay Therapy Process. 2nd ed. Cloverdale, CA: Temenos Press; 2004.
[26] Turner BA. Introduction: what is Sandplay therapy? In: Turner BA, editor. The Routledge International Handbook of Sandplay Therapy. 1st ed. London: Taylor & Francis; 2017. p. 1-32. [DOI:10.4324/9781315656748-1]
[2] Quittner AL, Barker DH, Cruz I, Snell C, Grimley ME, Botteri M; the CDaCI Investigative Team. Parenting Stress among Parents of Deaf and Hearing Children: Associations with Language Delays and Behavior Problems. Parent Sci Pract. 2010;10(2):136-55. [DOI:10.1080/15295190903212851]
[3] Ambrose SE, Walker EA, Unflat-Berry LM, Oleson JJ, Moeller MP. Quantity and Quality of Caregivers’ Linguistic Input to 18-Month and 3-Year-Old Children Who Are Hard of Hearing. Ear Hear. 2015;36 Suppl 1(0 1):48-59S. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0000000000000209]
[4] Broekhof E, Bos MGN, Rieffe C. The Roles of Shame and Guilt in the Development of Aggression in Adolescents With and Without Hearing Loss. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol. 2021;49(7):891-904. [DOI:10.1007/s10802-021-00769-1]
[5] Saki N, Bayat A, Moniri S, Moogahi NK. The influence of cochlear implantation on aggression behaviors in children. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2019;127:109669. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2019.109669]
[6] Girard LC, Tremblay RE, Nagin D, Côté SM. Development of Aggression Subtypes from Childhood to Adolescence: a Group-Based Multi-Trajectory Modelling Perspective. J Abnorm Child Psychol. 2019;47(5):825-38. [DOI:10.1007/s10802-018-0488-5]
[7] Torres J, Saldaña D, Rodríguez-Ortiz IR. Social Information Processing in Deaf Adolescents. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2016;21(3):326-38. [DOI:10.1093/deafed/enw030]
[8] Hooshmand Z, Mirza Hosseini H, Zargham Hajebi M. [Comparing the effectiveness of individual counseling based on compassion therapy with family therapy counseling based on bowen’s emotional system on social adjustment of depressed adolescent girls]. EBNESINA. 2021;23(3):85-92. Persian.
[9] Zahed A, Rajabi S, Omidi M. [A comparison of social, emotional and educational adjustment and self-regulated learning in students with and without learning disabilities]. Journal of Learning Disabilities. 2012;1(2):43-62. Persian.
[10] Resurrección DM, Navas-Campaña D, Gutiérrez-Colosía MR, Ibáñez-Alfonso JA, Ruiz-Aranda D. Psychotherapeutic Interventions to Improve Psychological Adjustment in Type 1 Diabetes: A Systematic Review. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021;18(20):10940. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph182010940]
[11] Garnefski N, Kraaij V. Cognitive coping and goal adjustment are associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety in people with acquired hearing loss. Int J Audiol. 2012;51(7):545-50. [DOI:10.3109/14992027.2012.675628]
[12] Rieffe C. Awareness and regulation of emotions in deaf children. Br J Dev Psychol. 2012;30(Pt 4):477-92. [DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.2011.02057.x]
[13] Nemati A, Demehri F, Saeidmanesh M. Effect of Psychodrama on Communication Skills of Adolescents with Hearing Loss. Aud Vestib Res. 2022;31(2):92-7. [DOI:10.18502/avr.v31i2.9113]
[14] Roesler C. Sandplay therapy: An overview of theory, applications and evidence base. Arts Psychother. 2019;64:84-94. [DOI:10.1016/j.aip.2019.04.001]
[15] Zoja EP. Sandplay Therapy in Vulnerable Communities: A Jungian Approach. 1st ed. London: Routledge; 2011. [DOI:10.4324/9780203817957]
[16] Green EJ, Connolly ME. Jungian family sandplay with bereaved children: Implications for play therapists. International Journal of Play Therapy. 2009;18(2):84-98. [DOI:10.1037/a0014435]
[17] Lee YJ, Jang M. The effects of sandplay therapy on the depression, anxiety and saliva cortisol of university students with ADHD tendencies. J Sym & San Therapy. 2012;3(1):31-47. [DOI:10.12964/jsst.120002]
[18] Foo M, Freedle LR, Sani R, Fonda G. The effect of sand play therapy on the thalamus in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: A case report. Int J Play Ther. 2020;29(4):191. [DOI:10.1037/pla0000137]
[19] Kalff DM. Sandplay: A Psychotherapeutic Approach to the Psyche. Cloverdale, CA: Temenos Press; 2003.
[20] Shahim S. Relational Aggression in Preschool Children. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology. 2007;13(3):264-71.
[21] Tamannaeifar M, Leis H. [The Relationship Between Emotional Intelligence, Self-Efficancy, Social Support and Adjustment in Students]. Journal of Modern Psychological Researches. 2015;10(39):25-52. Persian.
[22] Zolmajd A, Borjali A, Arian K. [Impact of Sand Play Therapy on Reduction of Aggressive Behaviors]. Journal of Exceptional Children. 2007;7(2):155-68. Persian.
[23] Pearson M, Wilson H. Sandplay Therapy: A Safe, Creative Space for Trauma Recovery. Australian Counselling Research Journal. 2019;13(1):20-4.
[24] Babaroglu A. Aggression Behaviors in Children with and without Hearing Impairment. Int J Psychol Stud. 2016;8(2):14-27. [DOI:10.5539/ijps.v8n2p14]
[25] Weinrib EL. Images of the Self: The Sandplay Therapy Process. 2nd ed. Cloverdale, CA: Temenos Press; 2004.
[26] Turner BA. Introduction: what is Sandplay therapy? In: Turner BA, editor. The Routledge International Handbook of Sandplay Therapy. 1st ed. London: Taylor & Francis; 2017. p. 1-32. [DOI:10.4324/9781315656748-1]
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 32 No 3 (2023) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i3.12935 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Hearing impairment emotional adjustment aggression sand play therapy | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Saeidmanesh M, Demehri F, Alipour Esmaeili Anari Z. Effect of Sand Play Therapy on Aggression and Emotional Adjustment of Children with Hearing Impairment. Aud Vestib Res. 2023;32(3):198-203.
