A Comparison of the Digits-in-Noise Test and Extended High Frequency Response between Formally Trained Musicians and Non-Musicians
,
Abstract
Background and Aim: Musical training has been hypothesised to result in enhanced Speech Perception in Noise (SPIN) abilities, but prolonged exposure to music also increases the risk for Music-Induced Hearing Loss (MIHL). The Signal-to-Noise Ratios (SNR) and the Extended High Frequency (EHF) thresholds between formally trained musicians and non- musicians were compared to determine the effect of musical training on musicians’ SPIN and hearing abilities.
Methods: This cross-sectional study included 40 musicians and 39 non-musicians 18–30 years, with mean age (SD) 22.43(2.71) years. EHF audiometry and the Digits-in-Noise (DIN) test were conducted via a smartphone.
Results: Differences found between the two groups regarding the DIN test and EHF thresholds were statistically insignificant. Musicians displayed early signs of MIHL as the musicians reported significantly more (p=0.004) instances of tinnitus than non-musicians. A statistically significant correlation was found only for the non-musician group between the 12.5 kHz threshold left and the SNR obtained in the diotic listening condition (rs=-0.465; p=0.003).
Conclusion: The results suggested that musicians did not display a significant advantage for SPIN and did not appear to have significantly poorer EHF hearing sensitivity. However, slight trends were noticeable in the musicians which gravitated more towards studies that found enhanced SPIN abilities and elevated EHF thresholds in the musician population. In the future, it may be useful to include additional speech tests (open-set) alongside the DIN test (closed-set). The present study suggests that EHF audiometry may be used for the early detection of MIHL.
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[19] Zhao F, Manchaiah VK, French D, Price SM. Music exposure and hearing disorders: an overview. Int J Audiol. 2010;49(1):54-64. [DOI:10.3109/14992020903202520]
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[21] Skoe E, Camera S, Tufts J. Noise Exposure May Diminish the Musician Advantage for Perceiving Speech in Noise. Ear Hear. 2019;40(4):782-93. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0000000000000665]
[22] Moore BC. A review of the perceptual effects of hearing loss for frequencies above 3 kHz. Int J Audiol. 2016;55(12):707-14. [DOI:10.1080/14992027.2016.1204565]
[23] Rodríguez Valiente A, Roldán Fidalgo A, Villarreal IM, García Berrocal JR. Extended high-frequency audiometry (9,000-20,000 Hz). Usefulness in audiological diagnosis. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2016;67(1):40-4. [DOI:10.1016/j.otorri.2015.02.002]
[24] Rodríguez Valiente A, Pérez Sanz C, Górriz C, Juárez A, Monfort M, García Berrocal JR, et al. [Designing a new tool for hearing exploration]. Acta Otorrinolaringol Esp. 2009;60(1):43-8. Spanish. [DOI:10.1016/S2173-5735(09)70097-3]
[25] Mishra SK, Saxena U, Rodrigo H. Extended High-frequency Hearing Impairment Despite a Normal Audiogram: Relation to Early Aging, Speech-in-noise Perception, Cochlear Function, and Routine Earphone Use. Ear Hear. 2022;43(3):822-35. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0000000000001140]
[26] Liberman MC, Epstein MJ, Cleveland SS, Wang H, Maison SF. Toward a Differential Diagnosis of Hidden Hearing Loss in Humans. PLoS One. 2016;11(9):e0162726. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0162726]
[27] Lopez-Poveda EA, Barrios P. Perception of stochastically undersampled sound waveforms: a model of auditory deafferentation. Front Neurosci. 2013;7:124. [DOI:10.3389/fnins.2013.00124]
[28] Le Prell CG. Effects of noise exposure on auditory brainstem response and speech-in-noise tasks: a review of the literature. Int J Audiol. 2019;58(sup1):S3-S32. [DOI:10.1080/14992027.2018.1534010]
[29] Hunter LL, Monson BB, Moore DR, Dhar S, Wright BA, Munro KJ, et al. Extended high frequency hearing and speech perception implications in adults and children. Hear Res. 2020;397:107922. [DOI:10.1016/j.heares.2020.107922]57
[30] Best V, Carlile S, Jin C, van Schaik A. The role of high frequencies in speech localization. J Acoust Soc Am. 2005;118(1):353-63. [DOI:10.1121/1.1926107]
[31] Liberman MC. Hidden hearing loss. Sci Am. 2015;313(2):48-53. [DOI:10.1038/scientificamerican0815-48]
[32] Schaette R, McAlpine D. Tinnitus with a normal audiogram: physiological evidence for hidden hearing loss and computational model. J Neurosci. 2011;31(38):13452-7. [DOI:10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2156-11.2011]
[33] Kikidis D, Vardonikolaki A, Zachou Z, Razou A, Pantos P, Bibas A. ABR findings in musicians with normal audiogram and otoacoustic emissions: evidence of cochlear synaptopathy? Hearing Balance Commun. 2020;18(1):36-45. [DOI:10.1080/21695717.2019.1663054]
[34] Maccà I, Scapellato ML, Carrieri M, Maso S, Trevisan A, Bartolucci GB. High-frequency hearing thresholds: effects of age, occupational ultrasound and noise exposure. Int Arch Occup Environ Health. 2015;88(2):197-211. [DOI:10.1007/s00420-014-0951-8]
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| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 32 No 2 (2023) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i2.12185 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Music audiometry hearing loss noise-induced pitch discrimination sound localization | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Dreyer B, Pottas L, Soer M, Graham MA. A Comparison of the Digits-in-Noise Test and Extended High Frequency Response between Formally Trained Musicians and Non-Musicians. Aud Vestib Res. 2023;32(2):145-158.
