Effect of Online Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders on Emotion Perception of School-Aged Children with Cochlear Implant
,
Abstract
Background and Aim: Emotion perception means the ability to identify, predict and explain one’s own emotions and those of others. Less attention has been paid to the psychosocial effects of hearing loss such as emotion perception. The current study aimed to investigate the effect of the unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders on emotion perception of children with Cochlear Implant (CI).
Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with a pretest/post-test/follow-up design. Participants were 18 children with CI aged 8–11 years and their mothers were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. All mothers and their children in the experimental group received the Unified Protocol (UP) program online at 20 sessions twice a week. For the evaluation of emotion perception, we used the Test of Emotion Comprehension (TEC) which had high internal consistency. For statistical analyses, descriptive statistics and repeated measures ANOVA were used.
Results: Mean score of emotion comprehension test at the mental and reflective levels and its overall score were significantly different between pretest and post-test and between pretest and follow-up phases in both group. The difference in the external level of emotion perception was not significant among three phases in any groups.
Conclusion: The UP program can positively affect the emotion perception in children with CI, especially in more difficult levels (mental and reflective), and its effects remain stable three months after the intervention.
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[21] García-Escalera J, Valiente RM, Sandín B, Ehrenreich-May J, Prieto A, Chorot P. The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents (UP-A) Adapted as a School-Based Anxiety and Depression Prevention Program: An Initial Cluster Randomized Wait-List-Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(3):461-73. [DOI:10.1016/j.beth.2019.08.003]
[22] Ghasemzadeh S, Naghsh Z. Effectiveness of Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment in Emotion Regulation of Mothers and Anxiety of Children with Type I Diabetes. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2020;22(11):e145. [DOI:10.32592/ircmj.2020.22.11.145]
[23] Alavi Z, Ghasemzadeh S, Arjmandnia AA, Gholamali Lavasani M, Vakili S. The effectiveness of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment on emotion regulation in anxious pupils and parenting methods of their mothers. Journal of Psychological Studies. 2022;18(2):21-34.
[24] Schorr EA, Fox NA, Roth FP. Social and emotional functioning of children with cochlear implants: description of the sample. Int Congr Ser. 2004;1273:372-5. [DOI:10.1016/j.ics.2004.08.028]
[25] Melnick H, Cook-Harvey CM, Darling-Hammond L. Encouraging social and emotional learning in the context of new accountability. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute; 2017.
[26] Albanese O, Molina PFM. Lo sviluppo della comprensione delle emozioni e la sua valutazione. La standardizzazione italiana del Test di Comprensione ndelle Emozioni (TEC) [The development of emotion understanding and its evaluation. Italian standardization of the Test of Emotion Understanding (TEC)]. 1st ed. Milano, Italy: Edizioni Unicopli; 2008.
[27] Picou EM, Singh G, Goy H, Russo F, Hickson L, Oxenham AJ, et al. Hearing, emotion, amplification, research, and training workshop: Current understanding of hearing loss and emotion perception and priorities for future research. Trends Hear. 2018;22:2331216518803215. [DOI:10.1177/2331216518803215]36
[28] De Giacomo A, Craig F, D’Elia A, Giagnotti F, Matera E, Quaranta N. Children with cochlear implants: cognitive skills, adaptive behaviors, social and emotional skills. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013;77(12):1975-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.09.015]
[29] Majorano M, Maes M, Morelli M, Bastianello T, Guerzoni L, Murri A, et al. Socio-emotional adjustment of adolescents with cochlear implants: Loneliness, emotional autonomy, self-concept, and emotional experience at the hospital. J Child Health Care. 2018;22(3):359-70. [DOI:10.1177/1367493518757065]
[30] Mancini P, Giallini I, Prosperini L, D’alessandro HD, Guerzoni L, Murri A, et al. Level of emotion comprehension in children with mid to long term cochlear implant use: How basic and more complex emotion recognition relates to language and age at implantation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;87:219-32. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.06.033]
[2] Mellon NK. Psychosocial development of children in deafness. In: Niparko JK, Kirk KI, Mellon NK, Robbins AM, Tucci DL, Wilson BS, editors. Cochlear Implants: Principles & Practices. 1st ed. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2000. p. 319-21.
[3] Most T, Aviner C. Auditory, visual, and auditory-visual perception of emotions by individuals with cochlear implants, hearing AIDS, and normal hearing. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2009;14(4):449-64. [DOI:10.1093/deafed/enp007]
[4] Bararipoor E, Movallali G. [Review of Research on Hearing Impaired Children’s Behavioral and Emotional Disorders]. J Rehab Med. 2018;7(3):274-84. Persian
[5] Vavatzanidis NK, Mürbe D, Friederici AD, Hahne A. Establishing a mental lexicon with cochlear implants: an ERP study with young children. Sci Rep. 2018;8(1):910. [DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-18852-3]
[6] Michael R, Attias J, Raveh E. Cochlear Implantation and Social-Emotional Functioning of Children with Hearing Loss. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2019;24(1):25-31. [DOI:10.1093/deafed/eny034]
[7] Oh SH, Kim CS, Kang EJ, Lee DS, Lee HJ, Chang SO, et al. Speech perception after cochlear implantation over a 4-year time period. Acta Otolaryngol. 2003;123(2):148-53. [DOI:10.1080/0036554021000028111]
[8] Taitelbaum-Swead R, Kishon-Rabin L, Kaplan-Neeman R, Muchnik C, Kronenberg J. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2005.05.002]
[9] Kishon-Rabin L, Taitelbaum R, Muchnik C, Gehtler I, Kronenberg J, Hildesheimer M. Development of speech perception and production in children with cochlear implants. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 2002;189:85-90. [DOI:10.1177/00034894021110S518]
[10] Geier L, Barker M, Fisher L, Opie J. The effect of long-term deafness on speech recognition in postlingually deafened adult CLARION cochlear implant users. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Suppl. 1999;177:80-3. [DOI:10.1177/00034894991080S416]
[11] Carroll J, Zeng FG. Fundamental frequency discrimination and speech perception in noise in cochlear implant simulations. Hear Res. 2007;231(1-2):42-53. [DOI:10.1016/j.heares.2007.05.004]
[12] Ziatabar Ahmadi Z, Mahmoudian S, Ashayeri H. P-MMR and LDN beside MMN as Speech-evoked Neural Markers in Children with Cochlear Implants: A Review. Dev Neuropsychol. 2022;47(1):1-16. [DOI:10.1080/87565641.2021.2004601]
[13] Bouchard ME, Ouellet C, Cohen H. Speech Development in Prelingually Deaf Children with Cochlear Implants. Lang Linguist Compass. 2009;3(1):1-18. [DOI:10.1111/j.1749-818X.2008.00079.x]
[14] Shirvani S, Jafari Z, Sheibanizadeh A, Motasaddi Zarandy M, Jalaie S. Emotional perception of music in children with unilateral cochlear implants. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2014;26(77):225-33.
[15] Bosacki SL, Moore C. Preschoolers’ Understanding of Simple and Complex Emotions: Links with Gender and Language. Sex Roles. 2004;50:659-75. [DOI:10.1023/B:SERS.0000027568.26966.27]
[16] Denham SA, Bassett HH, Way E, Mincic M, Zinsser K, Graling K. Preschoolers’ emotion knowledge: self-regulatory foundations, and predictions of early school success. Cogn Emot. 2012;26(4):667-79. [DOI:10.1080/02699931.2011.602049]
[17] Rieffe C. Awareness and regulation of emotions in deaf children. Br J Dev Psychol. 2012;30(Pt 4):477-92. [DOI:10.1111/j.2044-835X.2011.02057.x]
[18] Wiefferink CH, Rieffe C, Ketelaar L, De Raeve L, Frijns JH. Emotion understanding in deaf children with a cochlear implant. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2013;18(2):175-86. [DOI:10.1093/deafed/ens042]
[19] Wang H, Wang Y, Hu Y. Emotional Understanding in Children with A Cochlear Implant. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2019;24(2):65-73. [DOI:10.1093/deafed/eny031]
[20] Calderon R, Greenberg MT. Social and Emotional Development of Deaf Children: Family, School, and Program Effects. In: Marschark M, Spencer PE. editors. The Oxford Handbook of Deaf Studies, Language, and Education, Volume 1. 2th ed. New York, NY: Oxford University Press; 2011. p. 188-99. [DOI:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199750986.013.0014]
[21] García-Escalera J, Valiente RM, Sandín B, Ehrenreich-May J, Prieto A, Chorot P. The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents (UP-A) Adapted as a School-Based Anxiety and Depression Prevention Program: An Initial Cluster Randomized Wait-List-Controlled Trial. Behav Ther. 2020;51(3):461-73. [DOI:10.1016/j.beth.2019.08.003]
[22] Ghasemzadeh S, Naghsh Z. Effectiveness of Unified Protocols for Transdiagnostic Treatment in Emotion Regulation of Mothers and Anxiety of Children with Type I Diabetes. Iran Red Crescent Med J. 2020;22(11):e145. [DOI:10.32592/ircmj.2020.22.11.145]
[23] Alavi Z, Ghasemzadeh S, Arjmandnia AA, Gholamali Lavasani M, Vakili S. The effectiveness of Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment on emotion regulation in anxious pupils and parenting methods of their mothers. Journal of Psychological Studies. 2022;18(2):21-34.
[24] Schorr EA, Fox NA, Roth FP. Social and emotional functioning of children with cochlear implants: description of the sample. Int Congr Ser. 2004;1273:372-5. [DOI:10.1016/j.ics.2004.08.028]
[25] Melnick H, Cook-Harvey CM, Darling-Hammond L. Encouraging social and emotional learning in the context of new accountability. Palo Alto, CA: Learning Policy Institute; 2017.
[26] Albanese O, Molina PFM. Lo sviluppo della comprensione delle emozioni e la sua valutazione. La standardizzazione italiana del Test di Comprensione ndelle Emozioni (TEC) [The development of emotion understanding and its evaluation. Italian standardization of the Test of Emotion Understanding (TEC)]. 1st ed. Milano, Italy: Edizioni Unicopli; 2008.
[27] Picou EM, Singh G, Goy H, Russo F, Hickson L, Oxenham AJ, et al. Hearing, emotion, amplification, research, and training workshop: Current understanding of hearing loss and emotion perception and priorities for future research. Trends Hear. 2018;22:2331216518803215. [DOI:10.1177/2331216518803215]36
[28] De Giacomo A, Craig F, D’Elia A, Giagnotti F, Matera E, Quaranta N. Children with cochlear implants: cognitive skills, adaptive behaviors, social and emotional skills. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2013;77(12):1975-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2013.09.015]
[29] Majorano M, Maes M, Morelli M, Bastianello T, Guerzoni L, Murri A, et al. Socio-emotional adjustment of adolescents with cochlear implants: Loneliness, emotional autonomy, self-concept, and emotional experience at the hospital. J Child Health Care. 2018;22(3):359-70. [DOI:10.1177/1367493518757065]
[30] Mancini P, Giallini I, Prosperini L, D’alessandro HD, Guerzoni L, Murri A, et al. Level of emotion comprehension in children with mid to long term cochlear implant use: How basic and more complex emotion recognition relates to language and age at implantation. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2016;87:219-32. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2016.06.033]
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 32 No 2 (2023) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i2.12183 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Emotion children cochlear implants perception transdiagnostic treatment | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Mehrdadfar M, Ghasemzadeh S, Ghobari Bonab B, Hasanzadeh S, Vakili S. Effect of Online Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders on Emotion Perception of School-Aged Children with Cochlear Implant. Aud Vestib Res. 2023;32(2):128-136.
