Occupational Noise-Induced Tinnitus: A Review of Auditory Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evaluations
,
Abstract
Background and Aim: The increasing prevalence of Noise-Induced Tinnitus (NIT) is considered one of the major occupational health threats these days. Despite the devastating effect of tinnitus on a subject’s performance, auditory functions and life quality, there is a lack of standard protocol for its diagnosis and management. Furthermore, the mechanisms of NIT are not clear yet. So, this review summarized data on NIT mechanisms as well as questionnaires, behavioral and physiologic assessment tools in NIT studies.
Recent Findings: Based on the authors’ research, 27 eligible articles were included in this review. NIT was mainly bilateral with moderate severity with an overall prevalence ranging from 4% to 73.7%. Self-report questionnaires, tinnitus handicap inventory, auditory brainstem response, otoacoustic emissions and speech in noise tests were the most frequent NIT assessment methods in the reviewed studies. Our review highlights increased latencies in brainstem evoked potentials in tinnitus workers, but the knowledge gap about changes at subcortical and cortical levels remains.
Conclusion: This review suggests speech in noise test as a useful extension to routine tinnitus assessment by questionnaires among workers. Due to insufficient studies and inconsistent results in NIT subjects, more electrophysiological research is suggested in large and homogeneous samples.
[1] Nageris BI, Attias J, Raveh E. Test-retest tinnitus characteristics in patients with noise-induced hearing loss. Am J Otolaryngol. 2010;31(3):181-4. [DOI:10.1016/j.amjoto.2008.12.007]
[2] Kang HJ, Kang DW, Kim SS, Oh TI, Kim SH, Yeo SG. Analysis of Chronic Tinnitus in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Presbycusis. J Clin Med. 2021;10( [DOI:10.3390/jcm10081779]
[3] Lee JH, Ra JJ, Kim YH. Adequacy of the Simplified Version of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI-S) to Measure Tinnitus Handicap and Relevant Distress. Korean J Audiol. 2014;18(1):19-27. [DOI:10.7874/kja.2014.18.1.19]
[4] Lewkowski K, Heyworth J, Ytterstad E, Williams W, Goulios H, Fritschi L. The prevalence of tinnitus in the Australian working population. Med J Aust. 2022;216(4):189-93. [DOI:10.5694/mja2.51354]
[5] Kohansal B, Asghari M, Najafi S, Hamedi F. Effect of tinnitus on the performance of central auditory system: a review. Aud Vestib Res. 2021;30(4):232-40. [DOI:10.18502/avr.v30i4.7444]
[6] Couth S, Mazlan N, Moore DR, Munro KJ, Dawes P. Hearing Difficulties and Tinnitus in Construction, Agricultural, Music, and Finance Industries: Contributions of Demographic, Health, and Lifestyle Factors. Trends Hear. 2019;23:2331216519885571. [DOI:10.1177/2331216519885571]
[7] Asghari M. Tinnitus characteristics at high-and low-risk occupations from occupational noise exposure standpoint. Int Tinnitus J. 2021;25(1):87-93. [DOI:10.5935/0946-5448.20210016]
[8] Palmer KT, Griffin MJ, Syddall HE, Davis A, Pannett B, Coggon D. Occupational exposure to noise and the attributable burden of hearing difficulties in Great Britain. Occup Environ Med. 2002;59(9):634-9. [DOI:10.1136/oem.59.9.634]
[9] Tikka C, Verbeek JH, Kateman E, Morata TC, Dreschler WA, Ferrite S. Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;7(7):CD006396. [DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4]
[10] Biswas R, Lugo A, Akeroyd MA, Schlee W, Gallus S, Hall DA. Tinnitus prevalence in Europe: a multi-country cross-sectional population study. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2021;12:100250. [DOI:10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100250]
[11] Le TN, Straatman LV, Lea J, Westerberg B. Current insights in noise-induced hearing loss: a literature review of the underlying mechanism, pathophysiology, asymmetry, and management options. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;46(1):41. [DOI:10.1186/s40463-017-0219-x]
[12] Masterson EA, Bushnell PT, Themann CL, Morata TC. Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers-United States, 2003-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(15):389-94. [DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2]
[13] Boger ME, Sampaio ALL, Oliveira CACP. Analysis of Hearing and Tinnitus in Workers Exposed to Occupational Noise. Int Tinnitus J. 2017;20(2):88-92. [DOI:10.5935/0946-5448.20160017]
[14] Jafari Z, Toufan R, Aghamollaei M, Rahimzadeh Sh, Esmaili M. [Impact of Industrial Noise-Induced Hearing Disorders on Workers Cognition and Auditory Memory]. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2013;20(3):259-69. Persian.
[15] dos Santos Filha VA, Samelli AG, Matas CG. Middle Latency Auditory Evoked Potential (MLAEP) in Workers with and without Tinnitus who are Exposed to Occupational Noise. Med Sci Monit. 2015;21:2701-6. [DOI:10.12659/MSM.894436]
[16] Wang W, Zhang LS, Zinsmaier AK, Patterson G, Leptich EJ, Shoemaker SL, et al. Neuroinflammation mediates noiseinduced synaptic imbalance and tinnitus in rodent models. PLoS Biol. 2019;17(6):e3000307. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000307]
[17] Lindblad AC, Rosenhall U, Olofsson Å, Hagerman B. Tinnitus and other auditory problems - occupational noise exposure below risk limits may cause inner ear dysfunction. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e97377. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0097377]
[18] Mazurek B, Olze H, Haupt H, Szczepek AJ. The more the worse: the grade of noise-induced hearing loss associates with the severity of tinnitus. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010;7(8):3071-9. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph7083071]
[19] Wang TC, Chang TY, Tyler R, Lin YJ, Liang WM, Shau YW, et al. Noise Induced Hearing Loss and Tinnitus-New Research Developments and Remaining Gaps in Disease Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention. Brain Sci. 2020;10(10):732. [DOI:10.3390/brainsci10100732]
[20] Chen F, Zhao F, Mahafza N, Lu W. Detecting Noise-Induced Cochlear Synaptopathy by Auditory Brainstem Response in Tinnitus Patients with Normal Hearing Thresholds: A Meta-Analysis. Front Neurosci. 2021;15:778197. [DOI:10.3389/fnins.2021.778197]
[21] Alazzam E, Nahas LD, Bakr A, Trabulsi M, Alsawah R. The prevalence of noise- induced tinnitus among workers in Syria, and its related factors. Eur J Pharm Med Res. 2020;7(8):XXXXXX.
[22] Van Eynde C, Denys S, Desloovere C, Wouters J, Verhaert N. Speech-in-noise testing as a marker for noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus. B-ENT. 2016;Suppl 26(1):185-91.
[23] Engdahl B, Krog NH, Kvestad E, Hoffman HJ, Tambs K. Occupation and the risk of bothersome tinnitus: results from a prospective cohort study (HUNT). BMJ Open. 2012;2(1):e000512. [DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000512]
[24] James M, Banik A. Studying the characteristics of tinnitus in workers exposed to noise in the ICF framework. Asia Pac J Multidiscip. Res. 2016;I(XLVI): 46-56.
[25] Muluk NB, Oguztürk O. Occupational noise-induced tinnitus: does it affect workers’ quality of life? J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;37(1):65-71.
[26] Edvall NK, Mehraei G, Claeson M, Lazar A, Bulla J, Leineweber C, et al. Alterations in auditory brain stem response distinguish occasional and constant tinnitus. J Clin Invest. 2022;132(5):e155094. [DOI:10.1172/JCI155094]
[27] Kang HJ, Jin Z, Oh TI, Kim SS, Park DY, Kim SH, et al. Audiologic Characteristics of Hearing and Tinnitus in Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. J Int Adv Otol. 2021;17(4):330-4. [DOI:10.5152/iao.2021.9259]
[28] Otoghile B, Otoghile CC, Ariyibi NO. Effects of Tinnitus on Quality of Life Among Sawmill Workers. Int J Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;4(1):31-4. [DOI:10.11648/j.ijo.20180401.18]
[29] Bramhall NF, Konrad-Martin D, McMillan GP. Tinnitus and Auditory Perception After a History of Noise Exposure: Relationship to Auditory Brainstem Response Measures. Ear Hear. 2018;39(5):881-94. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0000000000000544]
[30] Ralli M, Balla MP, Greco A, Altissimi G, Ricci P, Turchetta R, et al. Work-Related Noise Exposure in a Cohort of Patients with Chronic Tinnitus: Analysis of Demographic and Audiological Characteristics. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(9):1035. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph14091035]
[31] Cantley LF, Galusha D, Cullen MR, Dixon-Ernst C, Tessier-Sherman B, Slade MD, et al. Does tinnitus, hearing asymmetry, or hearing loss predispose to occupational injury risk? Int J Audiol. 2015;54 Suppl 1(0 1):S30-6. [DOI:10.3109/14992027.2014.981305]
[32] Santos-Filha VA, Samelli AG, Matas CG. Noise-induced tinnitus: auditory evoked potential in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2014;69(7):487-90. [DOI:10.6061/clinics/2014(07)08]
[33] Soalheiro M, Rocha L, do Vale DF, Fontes V, Valente D, Teixeira LR. Speech recognition index of workers with tinnitus exposed to environmental or occupational noise: a comparative study. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2012;7(1):26. [DOI:10.1186/1745-6673-7-26]
[34] Lalaki P, Hatzopoulos S, Lorito G, Kochanek K, Sliwa L, Skarzynski H. A connection between the Efferent Auditory System and Noise-Induced Tinnitus Generation. Reduced contralateral suppression of TEOAEs in patients with noise-induced tinnitus. Med Sci Monit. 2011;17(7):MT56-62. [DOI:10.12659/MSM.881835]
[35] Santos Filha VA, Matas CG. Late Auditory evoked potentials in individuals with tinnitus. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;76(2):263-70. [DOI:10.1590/S1808-86942010000200019]
[36] Mohammadkhani G, Roozbahani M, Zoghi E, Fatahi J, Faghihzadeh S. [Comparison of auditory brainstem response in noise induced tinnitus and non-tinnitus control subjects]. Audiol. 2009;17(2):9-15. Persian.
[37] Steinmetz LG, Zeigelboim BS, Lacerda AB, Morata TC, Marques JM. Evaluating tinnitus in industrial hearing loss prevention programs. Int Tinnitus J. 2008;14(2):152-8.
[38] Rubak T, Kock S, Koefoed-Nielsen B, Lund SP, Bonde JP, Kolstad HA. The risk of tinnitus following occupational noise exposure in workers with hearing loss or normal hearing. Int J Audiol. 2008;47(3):109-14. [DOI:10.1080/14992020701581430]
[39] Steinmetz LG, Zeigelboim BS, Lacerda AB, Morata TC, Marques JM. The characteristics of tinnitus in workers exposed to noise. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;75(1):7-14. [DOI:10.1016/S1808-8694(15)30825-9]
[40] Mrena R, Ylikoski M, Mäkitie A, Pirvola U, Ylikoski J. Occupational noise-induced hearing loss reports and tinnitus in Finland. Acta Otolaryngol. 2007;127(7):729-35. [DOI:10.1080/00016480601002013]
[41] Masterson EA, Themann CL, Luckhaupt SE, Li J, Calvert GM. Hearing difficulty and tinnitus among U.S. workers and non-workers in 2007. Am J Ind Med. 2016;59(4):290-300. [DOI:10.1002/ajim.22565]
[42] Azevedo AA, Figueiredo RR, Penido NO. Tinnitus and event related potentials: a systematic review. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;86(1):119-26. [DOI:10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.09.005]
[43] Henry JA, Griest S, Austin D, Helt W, Gordon J, Thielman E, et al. Tinnitus Screener: Results From the First 100 Participants in an Epidemiology Study. Am J Audiol. 2016;25(2):153-60. [DOI:10.1044/2016_AJA-15-0076]
[44] Tunkel DE, Bauer CA, Sun GH, Rosenfeld RM, Chandrasekhar SS, Cunningham ER Jr, et al. Clinical practice guideline: tinnitus. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;151(2 Suppl):S1-S40. [DOI:10.1177/0194599814545325]
[45] Huang CY, Lee HH, Chung KC, Chen HC, Shen YJ, Wu JL. Relationships among speech perception, self-rated tinnitus loudness and disability in tinnitus patients with normal puretone thresholds of hearing. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2007;69(1):25-9. [DOI:10.1159/000096713]
[46] Fan S, Li S. Objective Detection of Tinnitus Based on Electrophysiology. Brain Sci. 2022;12(8):1086. [DOI:10.3390/brainsci12081086]
[2] Kang HJ, Kang DW, Kim SS, Oh TI, Kim SH, Yeo SG. Analysis of Chronic Tinnitus in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Presbycusis. J Clin Med. 2021;10( [DOI:10.3390/jcm10081779]
[3] Lee JH, Ra JJ, Kim YH. Adequacy of the Simplified Version of the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI-S) to Measure Tinnitus Handicap and Relevant Distress. Korean J Audiol. 2014;18(1):19-27. [DOI:10.7874/kja.2014.18.1.19]
[4] Lewkowski K, Heyworth J, Ytterstad E, Williams W, Goulios H, Fritschi L. The prevalence of tinnitus in the Australian working population. Med J Aust. 2022;216(4):189-93. [DOI:10.5694/mja2.51354]
[5] Kohansal B, Asghari M, Najafi S, Hamedi F. Effect of tinnitus on the performance of central auditory system: a review. Aud Vestib Res. 2021;30(4):232-40. [DOI:10.18502/avr.v30i4.7444]
[6] Couth S, Mazlan N, Moore DR, Munro KJ, Dawes P. Hearing Difficulties and Tinnitus in Construction, Agricultural, Music, and Finance Industries: Contributions of Demographic, Health, and Lifestyle Factors. Trends Hear. 2019;23:2331216519885571. [DOI:10.1177/2331216519885571]
[7] Asghari M. Tinnitus characteristics at high-and low-risk occupations from occupational noise exposure standpoint. Int Tinnitus J. 2021;25(1):87-93. [DOI:10.5935/0946-5448.20210016]
[8] Palmer KT, Griffin MJ, Syddall HE, Davis A, Pannett B, Coggon D. Occupational exposure to noise and the attributable burden of hearing difficulties in Great Britain. Occup Environ Med. 2002;59(9):634-9. [DOI:10.1136/oem.59.9.634]
[9] Tikka C, Verbeek JH, Kateman E, Morata TC, Dreschler WA, Ferrite S. Interventions to prevent occupational noise-induced hearing loss. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2017;7(7):CD006396. [DOI:10.1002/14651858.CD006396.pub4]
[10] Biswas R, Lugo A, Akeroyd MA, Schlee W, Gallus S, Hall DA. Tinnitus prevalence in Europe: a multi-country cross-sectional population study. Lancet Reg Health Eur. 2021;12:100250. [DOI:10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100250]
[11] Le TN, Straatman LV, Lea J, Westerberg B. Current insights in noise-induced hearing loss: a literature review of the underlying mechanism, pathophysiology, asymmetry, and management options. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2017;46(1):41. [DOI:10.1186/s40463-017-0219-x]
[12] Masterson EA, Bushnell PT, Themann CL, Morata TC. Hearing Impairment Among Noise-Exposed Workers-United States, 2003-2012. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2016;65(15):389-94. [DOI:10.15585/mmwr.mm6515a2]
[13] Boger ME, Sampaio ALL, Oliveira CACP. Analysis of Hearing and Tinnitus in Workers Exposed to Occupational Noise. Int Tinnitus J. 2017;20(2):88-92. [DOI:10.5935/0946-5448.20160017]
[14] Jafari Z, Toufan R, Aghamollaei M, Rahimzadeh Sh, Esmaili M. [Impact of Industrial Noise-Induced Hearing Disorders on Workers Cognition and Auditory Memory]. Journal of Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences. 2013;20(3):259-69. Persian.
[15] dos Santos Filha VA, Samelli AG, Matas CG. Middle Latency Auditory Evoked Potential (MLAEP) in Workers with and without Tinnitus who are Exposed to Occupational Noise. Med Sci Monit. 2015;21:2701-6. [DOI:10.12659/MSM.894436]
[16] Wang W, Zhang LS, Zinsmaier AK, Patterson G, Leptich EJ, Shoemaker SL, et al. Neuroinflammation mediates noiseinduced synaptic imbalance and tinnitus in rodent models. PLoS Biol. 2019;17(6):e3000307. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pbio.3000307]
[17] Lindblad AC, Rosenhall U, Olofsson Å, Hagerman B. Tinnitus and other auditory problems - occupational noise exposure below risk limits may cause inner ear dysfunction. PLoS One. 2014;9(5):e97377. [DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0097377]
[18] Mazurek B, Olze H, Haupt H, Szczepek AJ. The more the worse: the grade of noise-induced hearing loss associates with the severity of tinnitus. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2010;7(8):3071-9. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph7083071]
[19] Wang TC, Chang TY, Tyler R, Lin YJ, Liang WM, Shau YW, et al. Noise Induced Hearing Loss and Tinnitus-New Research Developments and Remaining Gaps in Disease Assessment, Treatment, and Prevention. Brain Sci. 2020;10(10):732. [DOI:10.3390/brainsci10100732]
[20] Chen F, Zhao F, Mahafza N, Lu W. Detecting Noise-Induced Cochlear Synaptopathy by Auditory Brainstem Response in Tinnitus Patients with Normal Hearing Thresholds: A Meta-Analysis. Front Neurosci. 2021;15:778197. [DOI:10.3389/fnins.2021.778197]
[21] Alazzam E, Nahas LD, Bakr A, Trabulsi M, Alsawah R. The prevalence of noise- induced tinnitus among workers in Syria, and its related factors. Eur J Pharm Med Res. 2020;7(8):XXXXXX.
[22] Van Eynde C, Denys S, Desloovere C, Wouters J, Verhaert N. Speech-in-noise testing as a marker for noise-induced hearing loss and tinnitus. B-ENT. 2016;Suppl 26(1):185-91.
[23] Engdahl B, Krog NH, Kvestad E, Hoffman HJ, Tambs K. Occupation and the risk of bothersome tinnitus: results from a prospective cohort study (HUNT). BMJ Open. 2012;2(1):e000512. [DOI:10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000512]
[24] James M, Banik A. Studying the characteristics of tinnitus in workers exposed to noise in the ICF framework. Asia Pac J Multidiscip. Res. 2016;I(XLVI): 46-56.
[25] Muluk NB, Oguztürk O. Occupational noise-induced tinnitus: does it affect workers’ quality of life? J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2008;37(1):65-71.
[26] Edvall NK, Mehraei G, Claeson M, Lazar A, Bulla J, Leineweber C, et al. Alterations in auditory brain stem response distinguish occasional and constant tinnitus. J Clin Invest. 2022;132(5):e155094. [DOI:10.1172/JCI155094]
[27] Kang HJ, Jin Z, Oh TI, Kim SS, Park DY, Kim SH, et al. Audiologic Characteristics of Hearing and Tinnitus in Occupational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss. J Int Adv Otol. 2021;17(4):330-4. [DOI:10.5152/iao.2021.9259]
[28] Otoghile B, Otoghile CC, Ariyibi NO. Effects of Tinnitus on Quality of Life Among Sawmill Workers. Int J Otorhinolaryngol. 2018;4(1):31-4. [DOI:10.11648/j.ijo.20180401.18]
[29] Bramhall NF, Konrad-Martin D, McMillan GP. Tinnitus and Auditory Perception After a History of Noise Exposure: Relationship to Auditory Brainstem Response Measures. Ear Hear. 2018;39(5):881-94. [DOI:10.1097/AUD.0000000000000544]
[30] Ralli M, Balla MP, Greco A, Altissimi G, Ricci P, Turchetta R, et al. Work-Related Noise Exposure in a Cohort of Patients with Chronic Tinnitus: Analysis of Demographic and Audiological Characteristics. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2017;14(9):1035. [DOI:10.3390/ijerph14091035]
[31] Cantley LF, Galusha D, Cullen MR, Dixon-Ernst C, Tessier-Sherman B, Slade MD, et al. Does tinnitus, hearing asymmetry, or hearing loss predispose to occupational injury risk? Int J Audiol. 2015;54 Suppl 1(0 1):S30-6. [DOI:10.3109/14992027.2014.981305]
[32] Santos-Filha VA, Samelli AG, Matas CG. Noise-induced tinnitus: auditory evoked potential in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Clinics (Sao Paulo). 2014;69(7):487-90. [DOI:10.6061/clinics/2014(07)08]
[33] Soalheiro M, Rocha L, do Vale DF, Fontes V, Valente D, Teixeira LR. Speech recognition index of workers with tinnitus exposed to environmental or occupational noise: a comparative study. J Occup Med Toxicol. 2012;7(1):26. [DOI:10.1186/1745-6673-7-26]
[34] Lalaki P, Hatzopoulos S, Lorito G, Kochanek K, Sliwa L, Skarzynski H. A connection between the Efferent Auditory System and Noise-Induced Tinnitus Generation. Reduced contralateral suppression of TEOAEs in patients with noise-induced tinnitus. Med Sci Monit. 2011;17(7):MT56-62. [DOI:10.12659/MSM.881835]
[35] Santos Filha VA, Matas CG. Late Auditory evoked potentials in individuals with tinnitus. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;76(2):263-70. [DOI:10.1590/S1808-86942010000200019]
[36] Mohammadkhani G, Roozbahani M, Zoghi E, Fatahi J, Faghihzadeh S. [Comparison of auditory brainstem response in noise induced tinnitus and non-tinnitus control subjects]. Audiol. 2009;17(2):9-15. Persian.
[37] Steinmetz LG, Zeigelboim BS, Lacerda AB, Morata TC, Marques JM. Evaluating tinnitus in industrial hearing loss prevention programs. Int Tinnitus J. 2008;14(2):152-8.
[38] Rubak T, Kock S, Koefoed-Nielsen B, Lund SP, Bonde JP, Kolstad HA. The risk of tinnitus following occupational noise exposure in workers with hearing loss or normal hearing. Int J Audiol. 2008;47(3):109-14. [DOI:10.1080/14992020701581430]
[39] Steinmetz LG, Zeigelboim BS, Lacerda AB, Morata TC, Marques JM. The characteristics of tinnitus in workers exposed to noise. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2009;75(1):7-14. [DOI:10.1016/S1808-8694(15)30825-9]
[40] Mrena R, Ylikoski M, Mäkitie A, Pirvola U, Ylikoski J. Occupational noise-induced hearing loss reports and tinnitus in Finland. Acta Otolaryngol. 2007;127(7):729-35. [DOI:10.1080/00016480601002013]
[41] Masterson EA, Themann CL, Luckhaupt SE, Li J, Calvert GM. Hearing difficulty and tinnitus among U.S. workers and non-workers in 2007. Am J Ind Med. 2016;59(4):290-300. [DOI:10.1002/ajim.22565]
[42] Azevedo AA, Figueiredo RR, Penido NO. Tinnitus and event related potentials: a systematic review. Braz J Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;86(1):119-26. [DOI:10.1016/j.bjorl.2019.09.005]
[43] Henry JA, Griest S, Austin D, Helt W, Gordon J, Thielman E, et al. Tinnitus Screener: Results From the First 100 Participants in an Epidemiology Study. Am J Audiol. 2016;25(2):153-60. [DOI:10.1044/2016_AJA-15-0076]
[44] Tunkel DE, Bauer CA, Sun GH, Rosenfeld RM, Chandrasekhar SS, Cunningham ER Jr, et al. Clinical practice guideline: tinnitus. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2014;151(2 Suppl):S1-S40. [DOI:10.1177/0194599814545325]
[45] Huang CY, Lee HH, Chung KC, Chen HC, Shen YJ, Wu JL. Relationships among speech perception, self-rated tinnitus loudness and disability in tinnitus patients with normal puretone thresholds of hearing. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec. 2007;69(1):25-9. [DOI:10.1159/000096713]
[46] Fan S, Li S. Objective Detection of Tinnitus Based on Electrophysiology. Brain Sci. 2022;12(8):1086. [DOI:10.3390/brainsci12081086]
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 32 No 2 (2023) | |
| Section | Review Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i2.12164 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Noise tinnitus occupational questionnaire physiological | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Kohansal B, Asghari M, Habibi M. Occupational Noise-Induced Tinnitus: A Review of Auditory Behavioral and Electrophysiological Evaluations. Aud Vestib Res. 2023;32(2):81-89.
