The Effect of Traffic Noise on Divided Attention and Perception Concerning Individual Role Differences: An Experimental Study
-
Ahmad Mehri
,
Mohammad Amin Rashidi
,
Amir Hossein Rashidi
,
Milad Abbasi
,
Farough Mohammadian
,
Kamaladdin Abedi
,
Ebrahim Darvishi
Abstract
Background and Aim: Noise pollution is one of the urban problems that can affect the exposed individuals’ cognitive function. This study set to investigate the impact of traffic noise on drivers’ cognitive variables including perceptual capacity, speed of perception, and divided attention concerning the role of individual orientation and neuroticism.
Methods: This study recruited 35 male student participants. The Eysenck personality questionnaire was used to evaluate the participants’ personalities (neuroticism and extroversion). Participants were then exposed to traffic noise, and the Adaptive Tachistoscopic Traffic Perception Test (ATTPT) was performed to assess their capacity and speed of perception. The Peripheral Perception Test (PPT) was also conducted to evaluate the divided attention using the Vienna test system software.
Results: Introverted and stable individuals had better performance in perceptual capacity and speed of perception tasks after exposure to traffic noise. However, these effects were not observed in extrovert and unstable individuals. This study also showed no significant alterations in variables in extroverted (introverted/extroverted) subjects with neuroticism (unstable/stable) concerning divided attention tasks after traffic noise exposure.
Conclusion: This study showed that divided attention in extrovert individuals with neuroticism was not influenced by traffic noise exposure. But perceptual capacity and perception speed was influenced by traffic noise in introverts and unstable subjects.
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[20] Abbasi M, Yazdanirad S, Mehri A, Fallah Madvari R, Alizadeh A. Noise exposure and job stress-a structural equation model in textile industries. Arch Acoust. 2020;45(4):601-11.
[21] Mohiyeddini C, Bauer S, Semple S. Neuroticism and stress: The role of displacement behavior. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2015;28(4):391-407. [DOI:10.1080/10615806.2014.1000878]
[22] MacLeod C, Mathews A. Anxiety and the allocation of attention to threat. Q J Exp Psychol A. 1988;40(4):653-70. [DOI:10.1080/14640748808402292]
[23] Wallenius MA. The interaction of noise stress and personal project stress on subjective health. J Environ Psychol. 2004;24(2):167-77. [DOI:10.1016/j.jenvp.2003.12.002]
[24] Hoskin R, Hunter MD, Woodruff PW. Stress improves selective attention towards emotionally neutral left ear stimuli. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2014;151:214-21. [DOI:10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.06.010]
[25] Liu T, Ode S, Moeller SK, Robinson MD. Neuroticism as distancing: Perceptual sources of evidence. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2013;104(5):907-20. [DOI:10.1037/a0031969]
[26] Michon HW, ten Have M, Kroon H, van Weeghel J, de Graaf R, Schene AH. Mental disorders and personality traits as determinants of impaired work functioning. Psychol Med. 2008;38(11):1627-37. [DOI:10.1017/S0033291707002449]
[27] Osorio LC, Cohen M, Escobar SE, Salkowski-Bartlett A, Compton RJ. Selective attention to stressful distracters: Effects of neuroticism and gender. Pers Individ Dif. 2003;34(5):831-44. [DOI:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00074-0]
[28] Elliot AJ, Thrash TM. Approach-avoidance motivation in personality: Approach and avoidance temperaments and goals. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002;82(5):804-18. [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.82.5.804]
[29] Barlow DH, Ellard KK, Sauer-Zavala S, Bullis JR, Carl JR. The origins of neuroticism. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2014;9(5):481-96. [DOI:10.1177/1745691614544528]
[30] Connor-Smith JK, Flachsbart C. Relations between personality and coping: A meta-analysis. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007;93(6):1080-107. [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1080]
[31] White K, Hofman WF, van Kamp I. Noise sensitivity in relation to baseline arousal, physiological response and psychological features to noise exposure during task performance. Paper presented at: Inter-Noise and Noise-Con Congress and Conference Proceedings. 15-16 June 2010; Lisbon, Portugal. https://hdl.handle.net/11245/1.334665
[32] Thomas JR, Jones DM. Individual differences in noise annoyance and the uncomfortable loudness level. J Sound Vib. 1982;82(2):289-304. [DOI:10.1016/0022-460X(82)90536-3]
[33] Waye KP, Bengtsson J, Rylander R, Hucklebridge F, Evans P, Clow A. Low frequency noise enhances cortisol among noise sensitive subjects during work performance. Life Sci. 2002;70(7):745-58. [DOI:10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01450-3]
[34] Matthews G, Davies DR, Holley PJ. Extraversion, arousal and visual sustained attention: The role of resource availability. Pers Individ Differ. 1990;11(11):1159-73. [DOI:10.1016/0191-8869(90)90029-Q]
[35] Kou S, McClelland A, Furnham A. The effect of background music and noise on the cognitive test performance of Chinese introverts and extraverts. Psychol Music. 2018;46(1):125-35. [DOI:10.1177/0305735617704300]
[36] Gallagher EN, Vella-Brodrick DA. Social support and emotional intelligence as predictors of subjective well-being. Pers Individ Dif. 2008;44(7):1551-61. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.011]
[37] Kahneman D. Attention and effort. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall; 1973.
[38] Eysenck H. A model for personality. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2012.
[39] Staal MA. Stress, cognition, and human performance: A literature review and conceptual framework. California: NASA Ames Research Center; 2004.
[2] Velickovski M, Veliu B, Maksimovska-Simonovska R. Evaluation of environmental noise exposure and noise effects in population of Kumanovo, Macedonia. J Med Brașovean. 2014; 52-6.
[3] Vijay R, Kori C, Kumar M, Chakrabarti T, Gupta R. Assessment of traffic noise on highway passing from urban agglomeration. Fluctuation Noise Lett. 2014; 13(04):1450031. [DOI:10.1142/S021947751450031X]
[4] Jakovljevic B, Paunovic K, Belojevic G. Road-traffic noise and factors influencing noise annoyance in an urban population. Environ Int. 2009; 35(3):552-6. [DOI:10.1016/j.envint.2008.10.001]
[5] Alimohammadi I, Mehri A, Sadat S, Akbarzadeh A, Hajizadeh R. The effects of traffic noise on drivers’ cognitive performance. Iran Occup Health. 2015; 12(2):93-100.
[6] Mondal NK. Vehicle noise interference and its impact on the community. Int J Curr Sci. 2013; 5:161-9.
[7] Abbasi M, Yazdanirad S, Habibi P, Arabi S, Fallah Madvari R, Mehri A, et al. Relationship among noise exposure, sensitivity, and noise annoyance with job satisfaction and job stress in a textile industry. Noise Vib Worldw. 2019; 50(6):195-201. [DOI:10.1177/0957456519853812]
[8] Tao S, Liu L, Shi L, Li X, Shen P, Xun Q, et al. Spatial learning and memory deficits in young adult mice exposed to a brief intense noise at postnatal age. J Otol. 2015; 10(1):21-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.joto.2015.07.001]
[9] Taylor W, Melloy B, Dharwada P, Gramopadhye A, Toler J. The effects of static multiple sources of noise on the visual search component of human inspection. Int J Ind Ergon. 2004;34(3):195-207. [DOI:10.1016/j.ergon.2004.04.002]
[10] Gawron VJ. Performance effects of noise intensity, psychological set, and task type and complexity. Hum Factors. 1982;24(2):225-43. [DOI:10.1177/001872088202400208]
[11] Mehri A, Alimohammadi I, Ebrahimi H, Hajizadeh R, Roudbari M. Effect of traffic noise on mental performance with regard to introversion and task complexity. Appl Acoust. 2018;132:118-23. [DOI:10.1016/j.apacoust.2017.11.019]
[12] Beheshti MH, Taban E, Samaei SE, Faridan M, Khajehnasiri F, TajikKhaveh L, et al. The influence of personality traits and gender on noise annoyance in laboratory studies. Pers Individ Dif. 2019;148:95-100. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2019.05.027]
[13] Dobbs S, Furnham A, McClelland A. The effect of background music and noise on the cognitive test performance of introverts and extraverts. Appl Cogn Psychol. 2011; 25(2):307-13. [DOI:10.1002/acp.1692]
[14] Burtaverde V, Mihaila T. Significant differences between introvert and extrovert people’s simple reaction time in conflict situations. Rom J Exp Appl Psychol. 2011;2(3):18-24.
[15] Abbasi M, Farhang-Dehghan S, Yazdanirad S, Mehri A, Kolahdouzi M, Fallah Madvari R, et al. Assessment of role of job components and individual parameters on the raised blood pressure in a noisy industry. Arch Acoust. 2019;44(3):575-84.
[16] McCusker MC, Wiesman AI, Schantell MD, Eastman JA, Wilson TW. Multi-spectral oscillatory dynamics serving directed and divided attention. Neuroimage. 2020; 217:116927. [DOI:10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116927]
[17] Moradi G, Omidi L, Vosoughi S, Ebrahimi H, Alizadeh A, Alimohammadi I. Effects of noise on selective attention: The role of introversion and extraversion. Appl Acoust. 2019;146:213-7. [DOI:10.1016/j.apacoust.2018.11.029]
[18] Tucha L, Fuermaier ABM, Aschenbrenner S, Tucha O. Vienna Test System (VTS): Neuropsychological Test Battery for the Assessment of Cognitive Functions in Adult ADHD (CFADHD). Schuhfried. 2013. Available from: http://www.schuhfried.com/viennatestsystem10/tests-test-sets/all-testsets-from-a-z/test/cfadhd-cognitive-functions-adhd-adults/
[19] Giesbrecht B, Sy J, Bundesen C, Kyllingsbaek S. A new perspective on the perceptual selectivity of attention under load. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2014;1316:71-86. [DOI:10.1111/nyas.12404]
[20] Abbasi M, Yazdanirad S, Mehri A, Fallah Madvari R, Alizadeh A. Noise exposure and job stress-a structural equation model in textile industries. Arch Acoust. 2020;45(4):601-11.
[21] Mohiyeddini C, Bauer S, Semple S. Neuroticism and stress: The role of displacement behavior. Anxiety Stress Coping. 2015;28(4):391-407. [DOI:10.1080/10615806.2014.1000878]
[22] MacLeod C, Mathews A. Anxiety and the allocation of attention to threat. Q J Exp Psychol A. 1988;40(4):653-70. [DOI:10.1080/14640748808402292]
[23] Wallenius MA. The interaction of noise stress and personal project stress on subjective health. J Environ Psychol. 2004;24(2):167-77. [DOI:10.1016/j.jenvp.2003.12.002]
[24] Hoskin R, Hunter MD, Woodruff PW. Stress improves selective attention towards emotionally neutral left ear stimuli. Acta Psychol (Amst). 2014;151:214-21. [DOI:10.1016/j.actpsy.2014.06.010]
[25] Liu T, Ode S, Moeller SK, Robinson MD. Neuroticism as distancing: Perceptual sources of evidence. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2013;104(5):907-20. [DOI:10.1037/a0031969]
[26] Michon HW, ten Have M, Kroon H, van Weeghel J, de Graaf R, Schene AH. Mental disorders and personality traits as determinants of impaired work functioning. Psychol Med. 2008;38(11):1627-37. [DOI:10.1017/S0033291707002449]
[27] Osorio LC, Cohen M, Escobar SE, Salkowski-Bartlett A, Compton RJ. Selective attention to stressful distracters: Effects of neuroticism and gender. Pers Individ Dif. 2003;34(5):831-44. [DOI:10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00074-0]
[28] Elliot AJ, Thrash TM. Approach-avoidance motivation in personality: Approach and avoidance temperaments and goals. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2002;82(5):804-18. [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.82.5.804]
[29] Barlow DH, Ellard KK, Sauer-Zavala S, Bullis JR, Carl JR. The origins of neuroticism. Perspect Psychol Sci. 2014;9(5):481-96. [DOI:10.1177/1745691614544528]
[30] Connor-Smith JK, Flachsbart C. Relations between personality and coping: A meta-analysis. J Pers Soc Psychol. 2007;93(6):1080-107. [DOI:10.1037/0022-3514.93.6.1080]
[31] White K, Hofman WF, van Kamp I. Noise sensitivity in relation to baseline arousal, physiological response and psychological features to noise exposure during task performance. Paper presented at: Inter-Noise and Noise-Con Congress and Conference Proceedings. 15-16 June 2010; Lisbon, Portugal. https://hdl.handle.net/11245/1.334665
[32] Thomas JR, Jones DM. Individual differences in noise annoyance and the uncomfortable loudness level. J Sound Vib. 1982;82(2):289-304. [DOI:10.1016/0022-460X(82)90536-3]
[33] Waye KP, Bengtsson J, Rylander R, Hucklebridge F, Evans P, Clow A. Low frequency noise enhances cortisol among noise sensitive subjects during work performance. Life Sci. 2002;70(7):745-58. [DOI:10.1016/S0024-3205(01)01450-3]
[34] Matthews G, Davies DR, Holley PJ. Extraversion, arousal and visual sustained attention: The role of resource availability. Pers Individ Differ. 1990;11(11):1159-73. [DOI:10.1016/0191-8869(90)90029-Q]
[35] Kou S, McClelland A, Furnham A. The effect of background music and noise on the cognitive test performance of Chinese introverts and extraverts. Psychol Music. 2018;46(1):125-35. [DOI:10.1177/0305735617704300]
[36] Gallagher EN, Vella-Brodrick DA. Social support and emotional intelligence as predictors of subjective well-being. Pers Individ Dif. 2008;44(7):1551-61. [DOI:10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.011]
[37] Kahneman D. Attention and effort. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall; 1973.
[38] Eysenck H. A model for personality. Berlin: Springer Berlin Heidelberg; 2012.
[39] Staal MA. Stress, cognition, and human performance: A literature review and conceptual framework. California: NASA Ames Research Center; 2004.
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 32 No 1 (2023) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v32i1.11312 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Traffic noise divided attention perception individual differences | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Mehri A, Rashidi MA, Rashidi AH, Abbasi M, Mohammadian F, Abedi K, Darvishi E. The Effect of Traffic Noise on Divided Attention and Perception Concerning Individual Role Differences: An Experimental Study. Aud Vestib Res. 2023;32(1):9-18.
