Speech Intelligibility in Children with Cochlear Implants Compared to Normal-Hearing Peers Matched for Chronological Age and Hearing Age
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Abstract
Background and Aim: Cochlear implants (CIs) can lead to the development of verbal communication in areas such as sound repertoire, speech intelligibility (SI), and conversational skills. The SI refers to the ability to make recognizable speech sounds. Children with CIs may experience poorer SI than normalhearing (NH) children. This study aims to compare the SI between children with CIs and NH peers matched for chronological age and hearing age.
Methods: The speech samples of 40 monolingual Persian-speaking children, including 20 children with CIs and 20 NH children were used in this study. The children’s SI was analyzed using three measures of the percentage of correct consonants, percentage of correct vowels, and percentage of intelligible words. One speech-language pathologist and two non-professional listeners transcribed each speech sample.
Results: The results showed no significant difference in any measures of SI between CI children and NH hearing age-matched peers, but there was a significant difference between CI children and NH chronological age-matched peers (p<0.05).
Conclusion: The SI in Persian-speaking children with CIs is the same as in NH hearing age-matched peers, but it was poorer compared to NH chronological age-matched peers. If the children with hearing impairments receive CIs sooner, their SI can be greater. Cochlear implantation improves SI by increasing the hearing experience.
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[11] Sohrabi M, Arani Kashani Z, Jalilevand N, Sanei H, Ajalloueyan M. Comparing speech intelligibility in 3 to 5 years old children with cochlear implants and normal children. Funct Disabil J. 2018;1(3):20-6. http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-108-en.html
[12] Torfi A, Jahangirimehr F, Bagheripour H, Bayat A, Saki N. The comparison of speech intelligibility between the cochlear implanted and normal-hearing children. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2021;35(1):1065-9. [DOI:10.47176/mjiri.35.143]
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[14] Hassanzadeh S, Ajalloueyan M, Mirdeharbab A, Arjmandnia AA, Hasanalifard M, Saeedi M, et al. Long-term effects of cochlear implantation on language skills -and speech intelligibility in early-implanted versus late implanted deaf children. Int J Pediatr. 2021;9(10):14663-71.
[15] Gordon-Brannan M, Hodson BW. Intelligibility/severity measurements of prekindergarten children’s speech. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2000;9(2):141-50. [DOI:10.1044/1058-0360.0902.141]
[16] Faes J, Gillis S. Word characteristics and speech production accuracy in children with auditory brainstem implants: A longitudinal triple case report. Clin Linguist & Phon. 2021;35(9):874-90. [DOI:10.1080/02699206.2020.1838613]
[17] Tavakoli M, Jalilevand N, Kamali M, Modarresi Y, Motasaddi Zarandy M. Language sampling for children with and without cochlear implant: MLU, NDW, and NTW. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;79(12):2191-5. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.10.001]
[18] Ling D. Speech and the hearing-impaired child: Theory and practice. Washington, DC: Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing; 2002. https://books.google.com/books?id=KNbxAAAAMAAJ&q
[19] Kazemi Y, Derakhshandeh F. [Exploring the validity, reliability and normal scores of oral-speech motor control protocol in Farsi-speaking children in Isfahan (Persian)]. Arch Rehabil. 2007;8(2):50-6. http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-166-en.html
[20] Shriberg LD, Austin D, Lewis BA, McSweeny JL, Wilson DL. The Percentage of Consonants Correct (PCC) metric: Extensions and reliability data. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1997;40(4):708-22. [DOI:10.1044/jslhr.4004.708]
[21] Barnes E, Roberts J, Long SH, Martin GE, Berni MC, Mandulak KC, et al. Phonological accuracy and intelligibility in connected speech of boys with fragile X syndrome or Down syndrome. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2009;52(4):1048-61. [DOI:10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0001)]
[22] Tavakoli M, Jalilevand N, Kamali M, Modarresi Y, Motasaddi Zarandy M. [Measuring Lexical Diversity and Syntactic Complexity after Cochlear Implant in 8-9 Years age Children’s (Persian)]. J Paramed Sci Rehabil. 2016;5(1):20-9.
[23] Perakyla A. Reliability and validity in research based on tapes and transcripts. In: Seale C, editor. Social Research Methods: A Reader. 1st ed. London: Routledge; 2003. p. 325-30.
[24] Boonen N, Kloots H, Gillis S. Is the spontaneous speech of 7-year-old cochlear implanted children as intelligible as that of their normally hearing peers? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;133:109956. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.109956]
[25] Bakhshaee M, Ghasemi MM, Shakeri MT, Razmara N, Tayarani H, Tale MR. Speech development in children after cochlear implantation. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2007;264(11):1263-6. [DOI:10.1007/s00405-007-0358-1]
[26] Safaiean A, Jalilevand N, Ebrahimipour M, Asleshirin E, Hiradfar M. Speech intelligibility after repair of cleft lip and palate. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2017;31:85. [DOI:10.14196/mjiri.31.85]
[27] Habib MG, Waltzman SB, Tajudeen B, Svirsky MA. Speech production intelligibility of early implanted pediatric cochlear implant users. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;74(8):855-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.04.009]
[2] Freeman V, Pisoni DB, Kronenberger WG, Castellanos I. Speech intelligibility and psychosocial functioning in deaf children and teens with cochlear implants. J Deaf Stud Deaf Educ. 2017; 22(3):278-89. [DOI:10.1093/deafed/enx001]
[3] Montag JL, AuBuchon AM, Pisoni DB, Kronenberger WG. Speech intelligibility in deaf children after long-term cochlear implant use. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2014;57(6):2332-43. [DOI:10.1044/2014_JSLHR-H-14-0190]
[4] Johannisson TB, Lohmander A, Persson Ch. Assessing intelligibility by single words, sentences and spontaneous speech: A methodological study of the speech production of 10-yearolds. Logoped Phoniatr Vocol. 2014;39(4):159-68. [DOI:10.3109/14015439.2013.820487]
[5] Chin SB, Tsai PL. Speech intelligibility of children with cochlear implants and children with normal hearing: A preliminary report [Internet]. 2002 [Updated 2002]. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Derek-Houston-2/publication/266880753
[6] Suh MJ, Lee HJ, Choi HS. Early linguistic developments of simultaneous bilateral cochlear implantees. Korean J Otorhinolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2018;61(12):650-7. [DOI:10.3342/kjorl-hns.2017.00913]
[7] Li YL, Lin YH, Yang HM, Chen YJ, Wu JL. Tone production and perception and intelligibility of produced speech in Mandarin-speaking cochlear implanted children. Int J Audiol. 2018;57(2):135-42. [DOI:10.1080/14992027.2017.1374566]
[8] Lee Y. [Exploring the utility of speech intelligibility rated by parents for screening children with speech sound disorders (Korean)]. Commun Sci Disord. 2018;23(1):198-207. [DOI:10.12963/csd.17426]
[9] Rezaei M, Emadi M, Zamani P, Farahani F, Lotfi G. Speech intelligibility in Persian hearing impaired children with cochlear implants and hearing aids. J Audiol Otol. 2017;21(1):57-60. [DOI:10.7874/jao.2017.21.1.57]
[10] Poursoroush S, Ghorbani A, Soleymani Z, Kamali M, Yousefi N, Poursoroush Z. Speech intelligibility of cochlear-implanted and normal-hearing children. Iran J Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;27(5):361-7.
[11] Sohrabi M, Arani Kashani Z, Jalilevand N, Sanei H, Ajalloueyan M. Comparing speech intelligibility in 3 to 5 years old children with cochlear implants and normal children. Funct Disabil J. 2018;1(3):20-6. http://fdj.iums.ac.ir/article-1-108-en.html
[12] Torfi A, Jahangirimehr F, Bagheripour H, Bayat A, Saki N. The comparison of speech intelligibility between the cochlear implanted and normal-hearing children. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2021;35(1):1065-9. [DOI:10.47176/mjiri.35.143]
[13] Ajalloueyan M, Aghaz AR, Mirdeharbab A, Hasanalifard M, Saeedi M. Long-term effects of cochlear implant on the pragmatic skills and speech intelligibility in Persian-speaking children. Int J Pediatr. 2021;9(7):14033-41.
[14] Hassanzadeh S, Ajalloueyan M, Mirdeharbab A, Arjmandnia AA, Hasanalifard M, Saeedi M, et al. Long-term effects of cochlear implantation on language skills -and speech intelligibility in early-implanted versus late implanted deaf children. Int J Pediatr. 2021;9(10):14663-71.
[15] Gordon-Brannan M, Hodson BW. Intelligibility/severity measurements of prekindergarten children’s speech. Am J Speech Lang Pathol. 2000;9(2):141-50. [DOI:10.1044/1058-0360.0902.141]
[16] Faes J, Gillis S. Word characteristics and speech production accuracy in children with auditory brainstem implants: A longitudinal triple case report. Clin Linguist & Phon. 2021;35(9):874-90. [DOI:10.1080/02699206.2020.1838613]
[17] Tavakoli M, Jalilevand N, Kamali M, Modarresi Y, Motasaddi Zarandy M. Language sampling for children with and without cochlear implant: MLU, NDW, and NTW. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2015;79(12):2191-5. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2015.10.001]
[18] Ling D. Speech and the hearing-impaired child: Theory and practice. Washington, DC: Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing; 2002. https://books.google.com/books?id=KNbxAAAAMAAJ&q
[19] Kazemi Y, Derakhshandeh F. [Exploring the validity, reliability and normal scores of oral-speech motor control protocol in Farsi-speaking children in Isfahan (Persian)]. Arch Rehabil. 2007;8(2):50-6. http://rehabilitationj.uswr.ac.ir/article-1-166-en.html
[20] Shriberg LD, Austin D, Lewis BA, McSweeny JL, Wilson DL. The Percentage of Consonants Correct (PCC) metric: Extensions and reliability data. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 1997;40(4):708-22. [DOI:10.1044/jslhr.4004.708]
[21] Barnes E, Roberts J, Long SH, Martin GE, Berni MC, Mandulak KC, et al. Phonological accuracy and intelligibility in connected speech of boys with fragile X syndrome or Down syndrome. J Speech Lang Hear Res. 2009;52(4):1048-61. [DOI:10.1044/1092-4388(2009/08-0001)]
[22] Tavakoli M, Jalilevand N, Kamali M, Modarresi Y, Motasaddi Zarandy M. [Measuring Lexical Diversity and Syntactic Complexity after Cochlear Implant in 8-9 Years age Children’s (Persian)]. J Paramed Sci Rehabil. 2016;5(1):20-9.
[23] Perakyla A. Reliability and validity in research based on tapes and transcripts. In: Seale C, editor. Social Research Methods: A Reader. 1st ed. London: Routledge; 2003. p. 325-30.
[24] Boonen N, Kloots H, Gillis S. Is the spontaneous speech of 7-year-old cochlear implanted children as intelligible as that of their normally hearing peers? Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2020;133:109956. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2020.109956]
[25] Bakhshaee M, Ghasemi MM, Shakeri MT, Razmara N, Tayarani H, Tale MR. Speech development in children after cochlear implantation. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol. 2007;264(11):1263-6. [DOI:10.1007/s00405-007-0358-1]
[26] Safaiean A, Jalilevand N, Ebrahimipour M, Asleshirin E, Hiradfar M. Speech intelligibility after repair of cleft lip and palate. Med J Islam Repub Iran. 2017;31:85. [DOI:10.14196/mjiri.31.85]
[27] Habib MG, Waltzman SB, Tajudeen B, Svirsky MA. Speech production intelligibility of early implanted pediatric cochlear implant users. Int J Pediatr Otorhinolaryngol. 2010;74(8):855-9. [DOI:10.1016/j.ijporl.2010.04.009]
| Files | ||
| Issue | Vol 31 No 3 (2022) | |
| Section | Research Article(s) | |
| DOI | https://doi.org/10.18502/avr.v31i3.9873 | |
| Keywords | ||
| Speech intelligibility percentage of correct consonants percentage of correct vowels percentage of intelligible words cochlear implant hearing age | ||
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How to Cite
1.
Tavakoli M, Jalilevand N, Kamali M, Modarresi Y, Motasaddi Zarandy M. Speech Intelligibility in Children with Cochlear Implants Compared to Normal-Hearing Peers Matched for Chronological Age and Hearing Age. Aud Vestib Res. 2022;31(3):232-237.
