Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 28 3 2019 05 21 134 145 Abdollah Moossavi Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nasrin Gohari Department of Audiology University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran 2018 09 22 2018 11 05 Background and Aim: Researchers in the fields of psychoacoustic and electrophysiology are mostly focused on demonstrating the better and different neurophysiological performance of musicians. The present study explores the impact of music upon the auditory system, the non-auditory system as well as the improvement of language and cognitive skills following listening to music or receiving music training. Recent Findings: Studies indicate the impact of music upon the auditory processing from the cochlea to secondary auditory cortex and other parts of the brain. Besides, the impact of music on speech perception and other cognitive processing is demonstrated. Some papers point to the bottom-up and some others to the top-down processing, which is explained in detail. Conclusion: Listening to music and receiving music training, in the long run, creates plasticity from the cochlea to the auditory cortex. Since the auditory path of musical sounds overlaps functionally with that of speech path, music helps better speech perception, too. Both perceptual and cognitive functions are involved in this process. Music engages a large area of the brain, so music can be used as a supplement in rehabilitation programs and helps the improvement of speech and language skills. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/757 https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/download/757/327

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 28 3 2019 06 02 146 157 Abdollah Moossavi Department of Otolaryngology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Jafar Aghazadeh Department of Audiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 10 12 2018 12 04 Background and Aim: Most elderly people in noisy environments complain of speech comprehension. At present, hearing aids or cochlear implants are the main treatment options. However, these devices merely enhance sound audibility and do not compensate for central processing changes caused by aging, hearing loss, or cognitive decline. This article reviewed plasticity topic in the auditory system and the use of auditory evoked potentials to prove the effectiveness of auditory training. Recent Findings: The search for relevant articles in the Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, and ProQuest databases was conducted with the keywords of “auditory education,” “electrophysiology,” “plasticity,” and “aging.” A total of 107 articles were found with these keywords, and finally, 98 articles, published between 1977 and 2018, were used. Existence of plasticity in the central auditory system, regardless of age, has been proven. Therefore, cognitive and auditory training to reduce cognitive problems and improve central hearing processing in appropriate cases can positively affect the quality of hearing and social communication of the elderly. Because efficacy is an important component of any therapeutic approach, the assessment of the benefits of hearing training can be demonstrated by electrophysiological tests. Conclusion: Auditory training may play an important role in the elderly treatment program with speech perception defects. The usefulness of this rehabilitation can be objectively evaluated through cortical and subcortical electrophysiological methods. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/766 https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/download/766/328

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 28 3 2019 05 19 158 163 EN Farangis Demehri Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran Mohsen Saeidmanesh Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran Fahimeh Dehghani Tezeng Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran 2018 10 29 2018 12 17 Background and Aim: Children with intellectual disability have significant defects in the essential elements that constitute mental development. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of applied behavior analysis on inhibition, planning, and working memory of intellectually disabled children with hearing impairment. Methods: The study design was quasi-experimental with pretest, posttest and a group control. The study population comprised all intellectually disabled children with hearing impairment, referred to Yazd Rehabilitation Centers. A total of 30 students were selected from the hearing-impaired children with mild to moderate intellectual disability. Then, they were randomly assigned into control (n = 15) and experimental (n = 15) groups. The study instrument was the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF) questionnaire. The program based on applied behavior analysis presented for experimental group and after that the posttest were administered for both groups. Analyses of covariance was used to analyze data. Results: The study result indicate that group therapy based on applied behavior analysis has significant effects on inhibition (p < 0.01) and planning (p < 0.05) of intellectually disabled children with hearing impairment, but cannot change their working memory (p < 0.17). Conclusion: Applied behavior analysis can be used as a therapeutic method for improving exe­cutive functions in intellectually disabled children with hearing impairment. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/769 https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/download/769/329

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 28 3 2019 06 12 164 172 EN Mahdiyeh Azizi Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran Mohsen Saeidmanesh Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran Fateme Kazemi Department of Psychology, School of Humanities, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran Vahide Radaie Department of Psychology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2018 08 05 2018 12 11 Background and Aim: One of the common behavioral disorders of hearing-impaired children is aggressive behavior, which can affect social adjustment in their adolescence. This study was designed to investigate the effectiveness of group counseling based on problem-solving on aggression and social adjustment of hearing-impaired students. Methods: This study is quasi-experimental with pretest posttest design and a control group. The study population was all adolescents with hearing impairment referred to Yazd Speech Therapy Centers, Yazd City, Iran. A total of 30 students were selected from the referred hearing-impaired students with high aggression and low social adjustment. Then they were randomly assigned into control (n = 15) and experimental (n = 15) groups. The study instruments were the California social behavior and Buss and Perry aggression inventory. The group counseling based on problem-solving intervention consisted of 7 one-hour sessions, presented for the experimental group. We analyzed the obtained data by repeated measures analysis of covariance. Results: Group therapy based on problem-solving can reduce aggression (p < 0.001) and increase social adjustment (p = 0.04). Conclusion: The professionals in this field are recommended to use group therapy based on problem-solving. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/741 https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/download/741/330

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 28 3 2019 06 18 173 181 Jamileh Fatahi Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Amiri Jahromi Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Fahimeh Hajiabolhassan Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Amirsalar Jafarpisheh Department of Ergonomics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nariman Rahbar Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Elham Faghihzadeh Department of Biostatistics, School of Allied Medical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 11 19 2019 01 21 Background and Aim: The quick speech in noise (Q-SIN) test shows the difficulty of speech perception in noise by specifying signal to noise ratio (SNR) loss. Although the Persian version of Q-SIN has been already constructed, the high-frequency emphasis version of this test is not available. The present study aimed to construct six lists with high-frequency emphasis and implement it. Methods: We are going to prepare a high-frequency emphasis version of Q-SIN and then test it on a small sample. First, researchers designed the relevant sentences; then experts examined their content and face validity. According to the criteria for developing the Q-SIN test, six lists with high-frequency emphasis were prepared. The test was examined on 26 (13 male and 13 female), 18−35 years old individuals with normal hearing. To determine the test reliability, it was re-administered three weeks later with the same conditions. Results: Of 76 sentences prepared, 36 sentences received enough credit after determination of their content and face validity. These 36 sentences were used to make 6 lists. The mean value of SNR50 in the Persian language was obtained -4 dB. The mean values of SNR loss in 6 lists were -1.65, -1.8, -2.23, -1.61, -2.38 and -2.07. The results showed equivalency of lists 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6. Examination of test-retest reliability indicated that all lists except the list 2were reliable. Conclusion: The lists of 1, 3, 4, and 6 are reli­able and equivalent and can be used in clinical application. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/774 https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/download/774/331

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 28 3 2019 06 17 182 189 Mojtaba Tavakoli Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran AND Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran Sayed Ali Marashi Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Najmeh Hamid Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran Kiumarth Beshlideh Musculoskeletal Rehabilitation Research Center, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran 2018 12 10 2019 03 13 Background and Aim: Tinnitus is an annoying distressing phantom phenomenon that can cause major problems, such as insomnia and sleep deprivation. Therefore, the present study was conducted to determine the effects of cognitive-behavioral training (CBT) and muscle relaxation on the level of tinnitus and the quality of sleep in patients with tinnitus in Ahvaz City in 2018−2019. Methods: This study is a semi-experimental, pretest, post-test, and follow-up with control group. There are two experimental groups and one control group in this plan. Participants in the first experimental group received eight sessions of CBT and participants in the second experimental group received eight sessions of relaxation training. Control group were not subject to any intervention. Results: The results of this study showed that cognitive-behavioral approach and muscle relaxation have reduced the amount of tinnitus and increased sleep quality using multivariate covariance analysis. The most important results of this study are the effectiveness and usefulness of cognitive-behavioral approach and muscle relaxation on reducing tinnitus and increasing the quality of sleep. Conclusion: Cognitive-behavioral therapy and muscle relaxation approaches were effective in improving tinnitus and quality of sleep. More attention and emphasize in these approaches will be a good alternative to some invasive (electric stimulation) or with some side-effects (drug therapy) approaches. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/776 https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/download/776/332

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 28 3 2019 06 17 190 197 Athareh Farahani Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeid Farahani Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nematollah Rouhbakhsh Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farzaneh Zamiri Abdollahi Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Masoud Bolandi Department of Audiology, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2019 02 07 2019 04 15 Background and Aim: Temporal processing is affected in people exposed to occupational noise. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the temporal processing of people exposed to occupational noise of more than 85 dB A but have not experienced clinically significant changes at hearing thresholds at conventional frequencies. Methods: A comparison between groups were designed using individuals exposed to occupational noise (n = 15 as the case group) and non-exposed individuals (n = 16 as the control gro­up). Two groups were age-matched (p < 0.05). The extended high-frequency audiometric thre­sholds and temporal processing system were evaluated through a duration pattern sequence test. Finally, the correlation between the extended high-frequency hearing thresholds and the duration pattern test scores was investigated. Results: The case group had significantly higher hearing thresholds than the control group at 14, 15, and 16 kHz (p < 0.05). Although in other frequencies, the mean hearing thresholds in the case group was higher than the control group, the difference was notnd Aim: Given the prevalence of selective auditory attention deficit in children with learning disability (LD) and the need for standardization of screening tests and diagnosis of this deficit in our country, the aim of this study was development and determination of the validity of monaural selective auditory attention test "mSAAT" in Persian. Methods: This study was a test development based on cross sectional method that was per­formed in two steps, development and vali­dation of the test and then the initial study. A four minute story and two lists of 25 mono-syllabic words from Persian word intelligibility by picture identification test was recorded by a male speaker. To maximize difficulty a 0 dB signal to noise ratio was used. After validity evaluation, 27 normal and 7 LD children aged 8 to 9 years were tested in both competitive and non-competitive manner. Results: Persian version of mSAAT had content-validity ratio of 0.91, 0.94, 1.00 for the first and second list and competing story respectively, and content-validity index of 0.88 was calculated for the whole test. Face validity was 4.16 and also significant difference was observed between test scores of the two groups of normal subjects and subjects with LD (p<0.001) that approved acceptable discriminant validity. Conclusion: Based on the obtained result, the Persian version of mSAAT appeared to have the potential as a valid measure of selective auditory attention skill and seems that it’s the same as the original test. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/83 https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/download/83/40

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 25 1 2016 05 21 55 62 EN Vahid Nejati Department of Psychology, Faculty of Education and Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran AND Institute for Brain and Cognitive Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Farshid Alipour Department of Clinical Psychology, Psychology & Educational Sciences Faculty, Kharazmi University, Tehran, Iran Leyla Jalilvand Karimi Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Laleh Esfandiari Department of English Language, Faculty of Foreign Languages and Literature, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 28 2016 05 03 Background and Aim: Dichotic digit test (DDT) is a valid neuropsychological tool for determining the dominant hemisphere in verbal processing; therefore, the main goal of this research was designing and investigating the psychometric properties of DDT in a sample of Iranian children and then measuring its concurrent validity using the n-back task. Methods: The present study was a descriptive and psychometric research which was con­ducted using correlations. 144 children aged between 7-12 years were selected through pur­posive sampling. To collect data, a DDT which was designed based on the original Persian version of the main dichotic test and validated via the n-back test was also used. Dat