Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 27 3 2018 06 09 116 125 EN Ehsan Negin Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ghassem Mohammadkhani Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shohreh Jalaie Biostatistics, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farnoush Jarollahi Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 01 24 2018 01 30 Background and Aim: One of the most prevalent problems in auditory processing disorder (APD) is in decoding. This problem is at the phonemic level and can difficulties in spelling, reading, speech processing disorder, responding delay, phonemic identification, memory, and manipulation. One of the training approaches for decoding problems is the phonemic training program. Considering high prevalence of decoding problems and lack of evaluation of the Persian version of the phonemic training program, this study investigated its efficacy in a child with APD. Methods: This is a single-subject interventional study. A child with APD was selected and evaluated with Persian version of Phonemic Synthesis Test and staggered spondee words test at baseline, training, and monitoring phase. Data were analyzed by single-subject study statistics. Results: All results showed absolute efficacy of the training. Conclusion: The phonemic training program was effective in a child with auditory processing disorder. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/695 https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/download/695/282

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 27 3 2018 07 11 126 130 EN Sayyed Hossein Hosseini Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Akbar Tahaei Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nariman Rahbar Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 11 25 2018 04 07 Background and Aim: Sometimes people with functional hearing loss are referred to audiology clinics. The delayed auditory feedback (DAF) is a test which assesses functional hearing loss qualitatively. This study aimed to quantify DAF and accordingly use it in more precise way. Methods: Fifteen normally hearing students participated in this experiment. Each person’s voice was presented to his or her ear once without and another time with fixed time delay when he or she was reading simple texts. The delayed voices were presented in different intensity levels. Stuttering, unusual lengthy, and non-fluent utterances indicated the perception and hearing of the delayed voices. Results: The length of the utterances increased and the fluency of the utterances decreased significantly for delayed compared to non-delay condition and for different intensity levels. Conclusion: These results showed that the levels of intensity of the delayed voices might influence the perception of the delay. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/674 https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/download/674/288

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 27 3 2018 06 13 131 136 EN Hajar Bahrami Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Foreign Languages, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Salar Faramarzi Department of Psychology and Education of Children with Special Needs, Faculty of Education and Psychology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran Mohammad Amouzadeh Department of Linguistics, Faculty of Foreign Languages, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran 2017 12 16 2018 04 29 Background and Aim: Understanding abstract concepts, especially metaphors in daily life and education is a complex conceptual phenomenon. Early hearing damages can affect an individual’s understanding of metaphors and their functions in different ways. This study aimed to compare the understanding levels of metaphorical expressions between children with cochlear implants (CIs) and normal children. Methods: In this study, 35 children with CIs were compared with 35 normal children in terms of understanding metaphorical expressions. Two groups were matched in terms of gender and age. The children with hearing problems received their implants when they were two to five years old. Both groups of children were evaluated using a researcher-made test. Finally, the data collected through the participants’ responses to the test items were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the independent samples t test. Results: There was a significant difference in understanding metaphorical and simile expressions between children with CIs and the normal children (p<0.05) in favor of the normal children. The mean±SD scores for the metaphorical and simile expressions in normal children were 9.57±1.78 and 8.11±2.39 while in children with CIs, they were 5.34±2.35 and 6.17±3.24, respectively. Conclusion: Although the cochlear implantation improves the auditory perception of deaf children, the perception of children with CIs was found to be weaker than normal children. Apparently, these children have spent several years of their lives without hearing, and this deprivation is likely to affect their understanding. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/683 https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/download/683/284

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 27 3 2018 07 30 137 142 EN Ziba Delkhah Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Speech Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran Zahra Soleymani Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hooshang Dadgar Department of Speech Therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 01 20 2018 03 19 Background and Aim: Theory of Mind (TOM) refers to the ability for attributing mental states and beliefs to ourselves and others, and understanding that the others’ mental states can be different from ours. However, this ability seems to be delayed in children with the history of hearing impairment. Based on the evidence, there is a mutual association between language development and social experiences. The present study aimed to assess TOM and the effect of speech therapy in 8- to 9-year-old children with cochlear implants (CIs). Methods: The present study was descriptive and cross-sectional in design. A total of 18 Persian-speaking children with CIs and 18 normal children aged 8-9 years participated in the current study. Children with CIs were selected through convenience method from Amir Alam Hospital and normal peers from their play-ground. The participants had no history of sensory, anatomical, neuronal, and speech disorders. The basic and advanced TOM was assessed with Ghamarani TOM test and a comparison was done between normal children and children with CIs. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: The performance of the two groups with regard to the basic and advanced TOM was significantly different (p<0.001). Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between the duration of speech therapy and TOM abilities (r=0.46, p=0.041). Conclusion: Hearing impairment affects the ability of TOM in children with CIs. The duration of speech therapy has a positive effect on the development of TOM. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/691 https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/download/691/283

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 27 3 2018 07 30 143 149 EN Azam Aghaie Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ali Akbar Tahaei Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Farnoush Jarollahi Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 01 14 2018 05 20 Background and Aim: Decoding deficit is the most common central auditory processing disorder (CAPD). Given the benefits of computer-based auditory training programs for treatment of central disorders and the lack of such programs in Persian language, this study aimed to develop a computer-based auditory training program for decoding skill. We also evaluated this program in 8 to12 year old children with CAPD. Methods: The first stage of research was to develop a computer-based auditory training program. This program consists of three levels of phonological discrimination, syllable discrimination, and word discrimination. The second stage was to determine the content and face validity of the program. The third stage was to assess the program effect on five children with decoding deficit. The research method was interventional and had a pretest and post-test design with another five children as control group. The staggered spondaic word, phonemic synthesis (PS) and speech in noise tests was used to assess the children performance before and after training. Results: Mean scores of staggered spondaic word (SSW) and PS tests of the experimental group were significantly difference before and after the auditory training (p<0.05) as compared to control group. However, there was no significant difference with regard to the speech-in-noise test results (p>0.05). Conclusion: This computer-based auditory training program can be considered as a preliminary tool for the rehabilitation and treatment of decoding deficits in children with CAPD. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/690 https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/download/690/285

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 27 3 2018 07 08 150 156 EN Seyyed Mohammad Reza Taghavi Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Ahmad Geshani Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nematollah Rouhbakhsh Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shoreh Jalaie Biostatistics, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Akram Pourbakht Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abbas Kebriaeezadeh Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharmaceutical Administration, School of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mohammadsaleh Moosapour Bardsiri Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 01 29 2018 04 28 Background and Aim: Caffeine consumes targeted attention to the signal, which is expected to lead to increased noise tolerance and ultimately improved speech perception. In the current study, the effect of short-term caffeine consumption on speech and noise simultaneous reception function was evaluated using acceptable noise level (ANL) test. Methods: In this interventional double-blind study, 90 cases (45 male, 45 female) aged 18−34 years were randomly assigned into three groups: the test groups, 3 and 5 mg/kg caffeine, and the control group, just placebo. The ANL test was recorded before and one hour after intervention. The results were compared before and after taking caffeine in three groups. Results: The statistical analysis revealed that there was significant difference in ANL result in dose 3 mg/kg caffeine before and one hour after intervention (p=0.043) and there was a significant difference in ANL result in dose 5 mg/kg caffeine before and one hour after intervention (p=0.001). Also, there was a significant difference in ANL before and one hour after taking caffeine between the group receiving 3 mg/kg dose of caffeine and the 5 mg/kg dose of caffeine (p=0.015). Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, after an hour of caffeine consumption, the ANL decreases. In other words, the individuals tolerate higher levels of speech noise. This is also dependent on the dose of caffeine. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/699 https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/download/699/286

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 27 3 2018 07 03 157 163 EN Leyla Jalilvand Karimi Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mahboubeh Rahimi Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Akbarzadeh Baghban Department of Basic Sciences, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2018 02 05 2018 04 28 Background and Aim: Frequency discrimination is an important skill in central auditory processing which plays a critical role in proper reading, writing, and speech perception. Music training is among the ways that improve this skill. Most of the reviewed literature is based on the impact of learning music on the early stages of childhood. Therefore, if the tests used in the assessment of central auditory system are proved to be effective in music training in adulthood, they could be recommended as an appropriate option for adult central auditory processing disorder rehabilitation. This study aimed to investigate the effects of learning to play stringed instruments in adulthood on frequency discrimination by pitch pattern sequence test. Methods: This cross-sectional and non-interventional study was performed on 46 normal hearing subjects aged 20-45 years, 28 non-musicians and 18 musicians who were trained to play music as an adult. They were compared by PPST. The results were analyzed by 2-way analysis of variance. Results: There was a significant difference between the average scores of the two groups, the non-musicians and the musicians, for both ears (p<0.0 Department of Neurology, Sina Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Roya Abolfazli Department of Neurology, Amir Alam Hospital, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Shohre Jalaie Department of Statistics, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Fatemeh Khamseh Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Medical Sciences Branch of Tehran, Iran 2017 06 17 Background and Aim: In many migraine patients prophylactic drugs are effective in reducing attacks and symptoms such as vestibular complaints. Therefore, related neural pathways are probably also affected. This study aimed to compare vestibular evoked myogenic potential in migraine patients under treatment with prophylactic drugs and those without any treatment. Methods: Subjects included 46 patients with migraine. They were evaluated in two groups; those under treatment with prophylactic drugs (21 subjects) and those without treatment (25 subjects). The age range of patients was 20-60 years. The vestibular evoked myogenic potential were recorded with 500 Hz tone bursts at 95 dB nHL. Results: Mean of amplitude ratio (p=0.02), and interpeak latency values in the right ear (p=0.03) and left ear (p=0.001) were higher in patients with prophylactic therapy than the group without therapy; this difference was statistically significant. There was no statistical difference between the two groups in terms of mean of latency of p13 and n23 peaks, and absolute amplitude (p>0.05). Conclusion: Prophylactic drugs probably improve mean of main response parameters of vestibular evoked myogenic potential in migraine patients with prophylactic therapy. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/482

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 21 3 2017 07 31 70 76 Nasibe Soltaninejad Department of Speech therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Ali Ghorbani Department of Speech therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Masoud Salehi Department of Biostatistics, School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Saeed Fakhrrahimi Department of Psycho