Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 23 1 2017 07 31 1 9 Vida Rahimi Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Saeid Farahani Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Masumeh Amere Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Saman Maroufizade Department of Biostatistics, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran 2017 05 22 Background and Aim: One of the non-pathological factors affect otoacoustic emissions is body position. In the present study, the effect of side-lying position on evoked otoacoustic emission properties and related existing assumptions were investigated. Methods: The cross-sectional study was performed on 42 adults aged 18-25 years. The results of Transient-evoked otoacoustic emissions (TEOAEs) test were recorded and analyzed in sitting, supine, and side-lying (Ipsi and Contra) positions to compare the total response level, whole wave reproducibility, signal to noise ratio in frequencies of 1 to 5 KHz, and the lasting time of the test. Results: Changing of the body position had a significant effect on total response level, whole wave reproducibility, and lasting time of the test (p<0.010) while this effect on signal to noise ratio was just found at 1 KHz (p<0.001). The highest total response level and lowest lasting time of the test values were observed in side-lying (contra) position (p<0.050). Conclusion: Side-lying position (contra) is the best position for the TEOAEs test. The results of this study partly confirm intracranial pressure change hypothesis that intracochlear fluid pressure increase in the auditory system; although there are contradictions in this field. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/262

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 23 1 2017 07 31 10 20 Tahere Sima Shirazi Department of Speech therapy, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Abdollah Moossavi Department of Audiology, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Laya Gholami Tehrani Department of Speech therapy, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Nikta Hatamizadeh Pediatric Neurorehabilitation Center, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Rahgozar Department of Biostatistic, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Maryam Ghelmanipoor Aba Speech therapy Center, Tehran, Iran 2017 05 22 Background and Aim: Several studies have demonstrated deficits in rapid naming in dyslexic readers; however the extent of deficit is different in various orthographies. This study was intended to survey the naming speed in Persian children with dyslexia. Methods: Rapid automatized naming (RAN) task of 19 children with dyslexia were compared with 31 nondyslexic children. Participants were selected from the students of the second grade of primary schools in Tehran city, Iran, with normal intelligence [intelligence quotient]. Nondyslexic children were at the age of 7.7 to 8.7 years (mean=7.6) and dyslexics were 7.8 to 9.4 years old (mean=8.1). Reading accuracy and speed were assessed by text reading (Diagnostic Reading Test), and high frequency word, low frequency word and nonword reading (Reading and Dyslexia Test). Results: Dyslexic readers needed more time than non-dyslexics when naming objects (p<0.001), numbers (p=0.001) and letters (p<0.001). The mean of dyslexics z-scores were -1.98 on objects, -1.96 on numbers and 3.35 on letters. 42% of dyslexics did not show any deficit on rapid automatized naming task. All of the subtests were correlated to reading speed (p<0.050), but among subtests of rapid automatized naming task, only letter naming was correlated to reading accuracy (p<0.050). Conclusion: More than half of dyslexics cases showed an apparent deficit in naming speed (objects, numbers and letters), which was more evident at letters. Naming speed was related to reading accuracy and reading speed; although the relationship was stronger with the second one. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/264

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 23 1 2017 07 31 21 29 Zahra Soleymani Department of Speech therapy, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shahin Nematzadeh Institute for Cognitive Science Studies, Tehran, Iran Laya Gholami Tehrani Department of Speech therapy, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mehdi Rahgozar Department of Biostatistic, University of Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 05 22 Background and Aim: The language sample analysis (LSA) is more common in other languages than Persian to study language development and assess language pathology. We studied some psychometric properties of language sample analysis in this research such as content validity of written story and its pictures, test-retest reliability, and inter-rater reliability. Methods: We wrote a story based on Persian culture from Schneider’s study. The validity of written story and drawn pictures was approved by experts. To study test-retest reliability, 30 children looked at the pictures and told their own story twice with 7-10 days interval. Children generated the story themselves and tester did not give any cue about the story. Their audio-taped story was transcribed and analyzed. Sentence and word structures were detected in the analysis. Results: Mean of experts' agreement with the validity of written story was 92.28 percent. Experts scored the quality of pictures high and excellent. There was correlation between variables in sentence and word structure (p<0.05) in test-retest, except complex sentences (p=0.137). The agreement rate was 97.1 percent in inter-rater reliability assessment of transcription. The results of inter-rater reliability of language analysis showed that correlation coefficients were significant. Conclusion: The results confirmed that the tool was valid for eliciting language sample. The consistency of language performance in repeated measurement varied from mild to high in language sample analysis approach. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/266

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 23 1 2017 07 31 30 39 Mehri Maleki Department of Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Zahra Jafari Department of Basic Sciences in Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hassan Ashayeri Department of Basic Sciences in Rehabilitation, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Marziyeh Sharifiyan Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Besheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Alireza Akbarzade Baghban Department of Basic Sciences in Rehabilitation, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Shahid Besheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2017 05 22 Background and Aim: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is one of the central nervous system diseases can be associated with a variety of symptoms such as hearing disorders. The main consequence of hearing loss is poor speech perception, and temporal acuity has important role in speech perception. We evaluated the speech perception in silent and in the presence of noise and temporal acuity in patients with multiple sclerosis. Methods: Eighteen adults with multiple sclerosis with the mean age of 37.28 years and 18 age- and sexmatched controls with the mean age of 38.00 years participated in this study. Temporal acuity and speech perception were evaluated by random gap detection test (GDT) and word recognition score (WRS) in three different signal to noise ratios. Results: Statistical analysis of test results revealed significant differences between the two groups (p<0.05). Analysis of gap detection test (in 4 sensation levels) and word recognition score in both groups showed significant differences (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to this survey, the ability of patients with multiple sclerosis to process temporal features of stimulus was impaired. It seems that, this impairment is important factor to decrease word recognition score and speech perception. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/267

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 23 1 2017 07 31 40 49 Maryam Faghani Abukeili Department of Speech therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Seyyedeh Maryam Khoddami Department of Speech therapy, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Shohreh Jalaie Department of Biostatistics, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2017 05 22 Background and Aim: Teachers are a large group of professional voice users that several risk factors and voice demands causes various voice complaints among them. As the voice is multidimensional, the aim of this study was acoustic and perceptual measurement of teachers’ voice and comparing the findings between two groups with many and few voice complaints. Methods: Sixty female teachers of high school in Sari, north of Iran, were chosen by available sampling to participate in this cross-sectional study. According to a voice complaints questionnaire, 21 subjects located in few voice complaints and 31 in many voice complaints group. After a working day subjects completed a voice self-assessment questionnaire. Also, teachers’voice were recorded during three tasks including sustained vowels /a/ and /i/, text reading and conversational speech. Acoustic parameters were analyzed by Praat software and 2 speech-language pathalogists performed auditoryperceptual assessment by GRBAS (Grade, Roughness, Breathiness, Asthenia, Strain) scale. Results: Comparing of the voice self-assessment between the two groups demonstrated statistically significant difference (p<0.05); however results of the acoustic and auditory-perceptual measurement did not show significant diffrence. Conclusion: Despite prevalent voice problems in teachers, there are various conditions in terms of complaints and assessments methods. In this study, only a remarkable deviation documented in the client-based assessments in many voice compliants group in comparison with few voice compliants, which would be probably related to different individual’s perception of voice problem between two groups. These results support paying attention to self-assessments in clinical process of voice problems. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/268

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 23 1 2017 07 31 50 61 Fatemehsadat Ghaheri Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Mansoureh Adel Ghahraman Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Farnoush Jarollahi Department of Audiology, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shohreh Jalaie Department of Biostatistics, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2017 05 24 Background and Aim: Navigation information is processed and stored in different brain areas such as hippocampus. Since multiple pathways has been reported between vestibular nuclei and hippocampus and also cognitive dysfunction specifically in spatial memory is induced by vestibular deficits, it can be assumed that vestibular system stimulation ameliorates spatial memory. The aim of study was to evaluate the effect of galvanic vestibular stimulation on normal individual’s spatial memory. Methods: In this experimental-interventional study, sixty 18-30-years-old women were randomly allocated in intervention and control groups. Intervention group undergone subthreshold bilateral bipolar galvanic vestibular stimulation and control group received sham stimulation. Stimulation was presented for 15 minutes. Corsi Block Tapping (CBT) test scores were compared before and after subthreshold bipolar galvanic vestibular stimulation exposure or no stimulation in each group and between groups. Results: All test parameters were the same in both groups before stimulation (p<0.050). There were significant improvement in block span, total score and learning score in intervention group after galvanic vestibular stimulation (p<0.050), no significant difference in delayed score (p=0.600). Learning score was improved (p=0.003) and delayed score was deteriorated (p=0.010) in control group. Percentages of block span and total score in intervention group were significantly different compared to the other group (p<0.050). Conclusion: Galvanic vestibular stimulation improves short-term and long-term spatial memory. This test may inherently have learning effect that is not influenced by stimulation. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/272

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 23 1 2017 07 31 62 69 Hourieh Ahadi Department of Linguistics and Foreign Languages, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Reza Nilipour Department of Speech therapy, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran Belghis Rovshan Department of Linguistics and Foreign Languages, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran Hassan Ashayeri Department of Postgraduate, Faculty of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Shohreh Jalaie Department of Biostatistics, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2017 05 24 Background and Aim: Most of the researches are about bilingual children with specific language impairment and importance of it in recognition and treatment. This study aimed to assess verb morphology in bilinguals with specific language impairment (SLI) and compare them with normal bilinguals. Methods: Six bilingual (Azeri and Persian) children with specific language impairment at the age of 7-8 years were collected from clinics of Tehran, Iran. They were evaluated about verb morphology using narrative speech and specific language impairment test and then, compared with six age-matched and six other language-matched children as control group. Children with specific language impairment were diagnosed by exhibiting a significant delay (more than one year) in language that can not be explained by intelligence deficits, hearing loss or visual impairment. We used Man-Whitney test for comparing the groups. Results: Bilingual children with specific language impairment had delay in comparison with their age-matched group in subject-verb agreement (p=0.020) and articulatiincreased survival rates and the importance of hearing in speech and language development, this research project was intended to assess the effects of cisplatin group on hearing ability in children aged 6 months to 12 years. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, hearing of 10 children on cisplatin group medication for cancer who met the inclusion criteria was examined by recording auditory brainstem responses (ABR) using the three stimulants of click and 4 and 8 kHz tone bursts. All children were examined twice: before drug administration and within 72 hours after receiving the last dose. Then the results were compared with each other. Results: There was a significant difference between hearing thresholds before and after drug administration (p<0.05). Right and left ear threshold comparison revealed no significant difference. Conclusion: Ototoxic effects of cisplatin group were confirmed in this study. Insignificant difference observed in comparing right and left ear hearing thresholds could be due to small sample size. Auditory brainstem responses test especially with frequency specificity proved to be a useful method in assessing cisplatin ototoxicity. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/445

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 21 1 2017 10 03 54 61 Maryam Nikravesh Department of Speechtherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Farhad Torabinezhad Department of Speechtherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Ali Ghorbani Department of Speechtherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Mohammad Reza Keyhani Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2017 06 13 Background and Aim: prosody is a very important factor in communication and includes such parameters as: duration, intonation, pitch, stress, rhythm etc. Intonation is the pitch variation in one sentence. Duration is the time taken to utter a voice. The aim of the present study was to evaluate some parameters of prosody such as duration and intonation curve in interrogative sentences among normal Farsi speaking adults in order to determine the characteristics of this aspect of language with an emphasis on laboratory testing. Methods: This study was performed as a cross-sectional one. The participants included 134 male and female Farsi speaking individuals aging between 18-30 years. In this study two interrogative sentences with open and closed answers were used. The voice samples were analyzed by Dr.speech -real analysis software. Data analysis incorporated unilateral analysis of variance and an intonation curve was drawn for each sentence. Results: The parameter of duration among men and women was significantly different (p:0.001). Duration in open questions was significantly longer than yes/no questions (p:0.001). The intonation curve of the two groups were similar. Conclusion: Men and women use duration changes, for making difference in prosody. On the whole, duration among women is longer than men. In open questions, the duration of sentences is mostly due to the question word. The intonation curve in open questions has more amplitude. Women show much more changes in basic frequency for transferring interrogative state in their expressions. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/447

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 21 1 2017 10 03 62 68 Mahshid Aghajanzadeh Department of Speechtherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Ali Ghorbani Department of Speechtherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Farhad Torabinezhad Department of Speechtherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Mohammad Reza Keyhani Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran 2017 06 13 Background and Aim: Voice disorders assess with the help of laboratory equipments and perceptual evaluation. Voice samples involve vowel prolongation, text-reading or conversational speech. In Iran, Rainbow text and Grandfather text, were developed for assessing voice. Methods: This study was cross-sectional and descriptive-analytical. Mean and fundamental frequency variations range in 120 normal males and females aging from 20-59 years old were studied. Voice samples of reading both texts were gathered and compared. Results: Mean fundamental frequency in males in Grandfather text was 137.93 with SD 1.2 and in Rainbow text was 135.09 with SD 1.1 (p>0.05), in females Grandfather and Rainbow texts were 206.07 with SD 0.9 and 204.23 with SD 2.1, respectively (p>0.05). Fundamental frequency variations range in Grandfather text in males was 88.10 with SD 0.8 and in females was 116.77 with SD 1.3 and in Rainbow text in males was 90.92 with SD 1.1, in females was 116.08 with SD 1.2 (p>0.05). Mean fundamental frequency of males in each text didn't show significant difference in age groups and just in 50-59 age group of the female population showed significant difference. Fundamental frequency variations range didn't show significant difference in males and females in both texts. Conclusion: These two texts were the same in measurement of average and fundamental frequency variations range in adults. Significant difference showed between 50-59 age group of the female population and other groups. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/449

Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 21 1 2017 10 03 69 75 Narges Torke Ladani Cochlear Implant Clinic, Alzahra University Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Iran Zahra Agharasouli Department of Speechtherapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Hassan Ashayeri Department of Rehabilitation Basic Sciences, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran Behrouz Mahmoudi Bakhtiyari Department of Dramatic Literature, Faculty of Art, University of Tehran, Iran Mohammad Kamali Department of Rehabilitation Management, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences,Iran Seyyede Zohreh Ziatabar Ahmadi Cochlear Implant Center, Baghiyatallah Hospital, Tehran, Iran