Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 24 4 2015 11 25 210 216 Tahereh Esmaeilnia Breast Feeding Research Center, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Mamak Shariat Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Bita Ebrahim Maternal Fetal and Neonatal Research Center, Vali-e-Asr Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Faezeh Moghimpour Bijani School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2015 10 07 2015 10 07 Background and Aim: Neonatal jaundice is one of the common causes of early sensori­neural hearing loss and an important cause of deafness in children. Auditory responses are the most sensitive parts of the nervous system to the toxic effect of bilirubin. This study was aimed to examine the effect of neonatal hyperbili­rubinemia and its treatment on auditory brain­stem responses (ABR). Methods: In this before-after and experimental study, a total of 44 term neonates who were admitted to the neonatal ward due to bilirubin level of ≥15 mg/dl after the third day of birth were entered to the study. The first ABR examination was carried out within the first day of admission and repeated after treatment if it was abnormal. Comparisons were drawn to examine the correlation between ABR changes and the level of bilirubin and ABR changes before and after treatment of hyperbili­rubinemia. p<0.05 was considered significant, and statistical power of the study was 90%. Results: ABR was abnormal in 45% of the understudy population. The most common abnormality was prolonged latency of wave V (90%, p=0.0001). Other abnormalities were prolonged interpeak latencies (IPL) of wave I-III (85%, p=0.692), prolonged latency of wave III (65%, p=0.0001), prolonged IPL of wave I-V (25%, p= 0.087) and prolonged wave I (4%, p=0.0149). ABR was repeated on six neonates, four cases (67%) of which had normal ABR and the other two (33%) were abnormal. Conclusion: ABR evaluation should be rout­inely performed in neonates with hyper­bilirubinemia regardless of the presence of bilirubin-induced encephalopathic findings. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/30 https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/download/30/29