Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 23 2 2017 07 31 91 100 Mohsen Saeidmanesh Department of Psychology, University of Art and Science, Yazd, Iran Hamidreza Pouretemad Department of Cognitive Psychology, Institute for Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran Reza Nilipoor Department of Speech therapy, University of Rehabilitation and Welfare Sciences, Tehran, Iran Hamed Ekhtiari Cognitive Neuroscience Group, Institute of Cognitive Sciences Studies, Tehran, Iran 2017 05 22 Background and Aim: Aphasia, after stroke in the left hemisphere, is a common symptom. These patients often experience incomplete recovery despite intensive speech therapy. Direct electrical stimulation of the brain is a technique to stimulate the brain in patients with neurological and psychiatric diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of this stimulation on recovery of naming ability, working memory, and aphasia quotient and the lasting duration in patients with nonfluent aphasia. Methods: In this interventional study, 10 patients with after-stroke non-fluent aphasia were enrolled. Their aphasia quotient, working memory and naming ability scores were compared before and after sham and real treatments and two months after the real treatment. 10 sessions of 20-minutes sham electrical stimulation and 10 sessions of 20-minutes anodic and cathodic stimulation (2 mA) at the dorsal lateral perifrontal cortex was done for each patient. Data were analyzed using repeatedmeasures ANOVA and Friedman nonparametric tests. Results: The ability of naming and working memory scores were increased significantly after treatment and two months after it compared with before study and after sham treatment (p<0.05 for all). There was no significant improvement in aphasia quotient. Conclusion: The transcranial direct current stimulation can sustain improvement in naming function and working memory in patients with non-fluent aphasia. It can be used in the rehabilitation program of these patients. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/261