Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 23 5 2017 07 31 78 85 Nasibe Soltaninejad Department of Speech therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Fateme Soltaninejad Department of English Language, Education Office of Kerman, Kerman, Iran Fahime Ashtab Department of Speech therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran Mehdi Mohammadi Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Health, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran 2017 05 20 Background and Aim: Phonological awareness (consisting of phoneme, syllable and intra-syllable awareness) is an important part of receptive and expressive language; it facilitates reading and writing skills through phonological re-coding. Multiple studies in several languages have studied the relationship between phonological awareness and dictation. This research is based on a study of the relationship between phonological skill and spelling score in first-grade Persian students. Methods: Four hundred first-grade students participated in the study, including 209 girls and 191 boys. A phonological awareness test was individually administered for each student and then a spelling exam was administered in groups. The correlation between the two tests was studied using a simple regression model. The comparison of mean scores of girls and boys was evaluated employing an independent t-test. Results: A correlation coefficient of 0.82 was obtained between phonological awareness and spelling proficiency (p<0.001). Phonological skill sub-tests also showed a significant correlation with spelling proficiency (highest for phoneme awareness r=0.34 and lowest for rhyme awareness r=0.12). The mean scores of girls and boys differed significantly (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a strong positive association between phonological awareness and spelling proficiency. Therefore, if phonological skill is improved, spelling score can be enhanced. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/222