Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 35 3 2025 10 11 270 276 Sanaz Soltanparast Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran Reyhane Toufan Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Saeed Talebian Motor Control Laboratory, School of Rehabilitation, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran Akram Pourbakht Rehabilitation Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran AND Department of Audiology, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran 2025 08 04 2025 10 08 Background and Aim: The fact that recognizing sound regularities plays a crucial role in segregating auditory streams has recently garnered significant interest. This study aimed to investigate how temporal and spectral regularities incorporated into the background auditory stream affect auditory stream segregation. Methods: Twenty-five healthy young adults performed an indirect measure of the auditory streaming task (i.e. detecting rare-level targets). They were presented with two concurrent auditory streams involving foreground and background streams, and were asked to detect rare-level targets in the foreground stream during three experimental conditions (spectral, temporal, or random regularities). Results: Temporal and spectral regularities of the background auditory stream significantly increased the hit rate compared to random regularities. This effect of regular cues on target detection and possibly stream segregation was significantly greater under temporal regularity conditions than under spectral regularity conditions. Conclusion: The findings suggest that incorporating temporal or spectral regularities into the background auditory stream can facilitate target detection and possibly stream segregation. This perceptual regularity benefit is greater for temporal regularities than for spectral regularities. These findings may provide primary evidence for the distinct facilitating effects of various theoretical frameworks on sound feature regularities and auditory streaming. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/1486