Tehran University of Medical Sciences Auditory and Vestibular Research 2423-480X 0 0 2025 11 10 1475 1475 Arun Kumar M Assistant professor Department of BASLP, SRBS, Vinayaka mission medical college and hospital, Karaikal, Puducherry India. 2025 07 18 2025 11 01 Background and Aim: Toxic encephalitis, a rare form of neuroinflammation induced by toxic agents, can lead to multifaceted neurological dysfunction, including auditory impairment. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL), a reduction in hearing sensitivity due to inner ear or auditory nerve damage, is an uncommon but clinically significant manifestation in such cases. This study aimed to present a comprehensive audiological and neurological evaluation of a patient with toxic encephalitis to highlight the auditory consequences and emphasize the importance of early detection and intervention. Case presentation: We report a 44-year-old woman with progressive bilateral SNHL over one year and vertigo. Neurological examination showed cerebellar dysfunction, and Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multiple acute infarcts with basal meningeal enhancement and vasculitic changes suggestive of toxin-induced neuroinflammatory injury. Occupational history confirmed prolonged exposure to industrial solvents, a recognized neurotoxic factor. Audiological testing demonstrated bilateral moderate SNHL with absent otoacoustic emissions and abnormal auditory brainstem responses, supporting the diagnosis of toxic encephalopathy with encephalitic features. Conclusion: This study highlights the significant impact of toxic encephalitis on auditory pathways, revealing vulnerabilities in cochlear and brainstem structures. By integrating behavioral, physiological, and electrophysiological evaluations, it provides insights into hearing loss associated with the condition. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial to improving outcomes, and further research is needed to explore the mechanisms linking toxic encephalitis features and auditory dysfunction. https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/1475