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<Articles JournalTitle="Auditory and Vestibular Research">
  <Article>
    <Journal>
      <PublisherName>Tehran University of Medical Sciences</PublisherName>
      <JournalTitle>Auditory and Vestibular Research</JournalTitle>
      <Issn>2423-480X</Issn>
      <Volume>0</Volume>
      <Issue>0</Issue>
      <PubDate PubStatus="epublish">
        <Year>2025</Year>
        <Month>09</Month>
        <Day>02</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </Journal>
    <title locale="en_US">A Language Neutral Nonsense Speech-in-Noise Test for Dravidian Language Speakers: Development and Psychometric Evaluation</title>
    <FirstPage>1453</FirstPage>
    <LastPage>1453</LastPage>
    <AuthorList>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Prajwal</FirstName>
        <LastName>Kumar E</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">1.	Nitte Institute of Speech and Hearing, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Mangalore.</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Jayashree S</FirstName>
        <LastName>Bhat</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">-</affiliation>
      </Author>
      <Author>
        <FirstName>Aradith</FirstName>
        <LastName>S</LastName>
        <affiliation locale="en_US">-</affiliation>
      </Author>
    </AuthorList>
    <History>
      <PubDate PubStatus="received">
        <Year>2025</Year>
        <Month>05</Month>
        <Day>22</Day>
      </PubDate>
      <PubDate PubStatus="accepted">
        <Year>2025</Year>
        <Month>08</Month>
        <Day>31</Day>
      </PubDate>
    </History>
    <abstract locale="en_US">Background and Aim: &#xA0;Assessing speech perception in noise (SPIN) in multilingual contexts like India is challenging due to the lack of linguistically appropriate test materials. Recognizing the limitations of existing SPIN tests in multilingual and clinically diverse settings, this study addressed critical need by developing a language-neutral, nonsense SPIN test material tailored for Dravidian languages.
Methods: Nonsense word lists in the Consonant Vowel Consonant Vowel format were generated using a random combination of common phonemes in the Dravidian languages (Kannada, Malayalam, telugu, Tulu, Tamil). These lists were recorded, and Speech recognition threshold in noise (SNR50) were used to select optimized lists based on a criterion of mean &#xB1;0.15 SD. The final lists were administered to 50 normal-hearing individuals at 0 dB SNR. Language independence was evaluated by comparing performance across speakers of the five languages. Further performance was also assessed across eight SNR levels to establish a psychometric slope function and goodness of fit was assessed. To evaluate test&#x2013;retest reliability, 12 participants were retested within a one-week interval.
Results: The study resulted in 4 final optimized lists based on SNR50 selection criteria and further analysis. Lists showed sensitivity to varying SNR levels, as reflected by consistent psychometric function slopes. Comparable performance across language groups confirmed the language-independent nature of the test.
Conclusions: Developed test provides audiologists with a reliable and standardized tool to assess SPIN. By eliminating the influence of familiarity and ensuring language neutrality, the test is well-suited for clinical use across speakers of Dravidian languages.</abstract>
    <web_url>https://avr.tums.ac.ir/index.php/avr/article/view/1453</web_url>
  </Article>
</Articles>
